Yulianto, Khenza Atthaya Namira (2025) Evaluasi TPA dan Analisis Skenario Pengelolaan Sampah di TPA Gunung Kupang Kota Banjarbaru. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Kota Banjarbaru merupakan Ibukota Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan dengan timbulan sampah pada tahun 2023 sebanyak 67.854.410 kg/tahun. Berdasarkan Masterplan Persampahan Kota Banjarbaru tahun 2021-2025 yang didukung oleh Perda Kota Banjarbaru No. 5 Tahun 2023, salah satu strategi untuk mengurangi jumlah sampah ditimbun di landfill adalah optimalisasi dan pengembangan sarana prasarana persampahan termasuk TPA. Pengelolaan sampah di TPA Gunung Kupang belum maksimal jika ditinjau dari kapasitas pengelolaan sampah. Salah satu strategi dalam kebijakan ‘Peningkatan Cakupan Pelayanan dan Kualitas Sistem Pengelolaan’ di Masterplan adalah rehabilitasi TPA yang mencemari lingkungan. Sebelum TPA diputuskan untuk direhabilitasi, evaluasi dilakukan dengan metode ARRPET (Asian Regional Research Programme on Environmental Technology). Evaluasi kondisi eksisting secara keseluruhan di TPA Gunung Kupang belum pernah dilakukan sehingga perlu dilakukan dengan metode ARRPET. Evaluasi TPA dilakukan dari aspek teknis, lingkungan dan finansial. Evaluasi aspek teknis bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi proses pengelolaan sampah eksisting dan membandingkan dengan kapasitas maksimum. Evaluasi aspek finansial yaitu mengevaluasi pengelolaan sampah eksisting berdasarkan jumlah kas masuk selama 1 tahun dan rasio pendapatan-pengeluaran. Evaluasi aspek lingkungan dilakukan untuk mengetahui kondisi eksisting TPA Gunung Kupang dengan parameter mengacu pada ARRPET. Hasil evaluasi ARRPET dijadikan rujukan untuk menyarankan tindakan selanjutnya. Hasil evaluasi teknis dan finansial pengelolaan sampah dijadikan rujukan dalam mengembangkan alternatif skenario pengelolaan sampah di TPA Gunung Kupang. Hasil evaluasi teknis pengelolaan sampah di TPA adalah pengelolaan eksisting masih belum memenuhi kapasitas maksimum dan ketidaksesuaian beberapa parameter dengan standar di PermenPU No. 03 Tahun 2013. Hasil evaluasi pengelolaan sampah dari aspek finansial yaitu pengolahan sampah berupa komposting, BSF serta pemilahan dan pengolahan fisik belum layak untuk dilakukan karena total kas masuk selama 1 tahun sebesar -42.730.913 dan rasio pendapatan-pengeluaran sebesar 0,85. Hasil evaluasi lingkungan kondisi eksisting TPA dengan ARRPET menghasilkan skor indeks risiko sebesar 529,24 dan perlunya TPA Gunung Kupang direhabilitasi menjadi TPA berkelanjutan, yaitu dengan metode landfill mining dan pembangunan instalasi gas metan. Skenario pengelolaan sampah terbaik berdasarkan hasil analisis adalah skenario C yaitu optimalisasi pengelolaan sampah seperti komposting, BSF dan pemilahan serta pengolahan fisik. Hasil NPV skenario ini sebesar 2.539.799.234 dan BCR sebesar 1,31 dengan estimasi 838 ton sampah dapat dikurangi tiap tahunnya.
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The City of Banjarbaru served as the capital of South Kalimantan Province, with waste generation in 2023 amounting to 67.854.410 kg/year. Based on the Banjarbaru City Waste Management Masterplan for 2021–2025, supported by Regional Regulation No. 5 of 2023, one of the strategies to reduce the amount of waste disposed of in landfills was optimizing and developing waste management infrastructure, including landfills. Waste management at the Gunung Kupang Landfill had not been optimal in terms of its waste management capacity. One of the strategies in the policy "Improvement of Service Coverage and Quality of the Management System" outlined in the Masterplan was the rehabilitation of landfills that polluted the environment. Before deciding on the rehabilitation of the landfill, an evaluation was carried out using the ARRPET method (Asian Regional Research Programme on Environmental Technology). A comprehensive evaluation of the existing conditions at the Gunung Kupang Landfill had never been conducted, so it was deemed necessary to carry one out using the ARRPET method. The landfill evaluation was conducted from technical, environmental, and financial aspects. The technical evaluation aimed to assess the existing waste management process and compare it to the maximum capacity of the Gunung Kupang Landfill. The financial evaluation was conducted by analyzing the existing waste management based on the NPV (Net Present Value) and BCR (Benefit-Cost Ratio) methods. The environmental evaluation was carried out to determine the existing conditions of the Gunung Kupang Landfill, with parameters referring to ARRPET. The results of the ARRPET evaluation served as a reference for recommending further actions. The results of the technical and financial evaluations of waste management were used as references for developing alternative waste management scenarios at the Gunung Kupang Landfill. The technical evaluation of waste management at the landfill revealed that the existing management had not yet reached the maximum capacity, and several parameters did not comply with the standards outlined in PermenPU No. 03 of 2013. The financial evaluation of waste management showed that waste treatment methods such as composting, Black Soldier Fly (BSF) processing, as well as sorting and physical treatment, were not feasible due to a total cash inflow for 1 year of -42.730.913 and income-outcome ratio of 0,85. The environmental evaluation of the landfill’s existing conditions using ARRPET yielded a risk index score of 529,24, highlighting the need for the Gunung Kupang Landfill to be rehabilitated into a sustainable landfill through landfill mining and the construction of a methane gas installation. The best waste management scenario, based on the analysis, was Scenario C, which focused on optimizing waste management facilities such as composting, BSF processing, also sorting and physical treatment. The NPV of this scenario was 2.539.799.234, and the BCR was 1,31, with an estimated 838 tons of waste being reduced annually.
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