Pengaruh Komposisi Substrat, Kandungan Total Solid, dan Bulking Agent pada Degradasi Anaerobik Sampah Sisa Makanan

Khairunnisa, Chantika Fathia (2025) Pengaruh Komposisi Substrat, Kandungan Total Solid, dan Bulking Agent pada Degradasi Anaerobik Sampah Sisa Makanan. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Pertambahan populasi penduduk menyebabkan peningkatan volume sampah di TPA. Komposisi sampah sisa makanan memegang persentase terbesar di Indonesia, mulai dari timbulan di sumber hingga timbunan di TPA. Sampah sisa makanan dinilai sebagai substrat yang sesuai untuk produksi biogas dalam anaerobic digestion (AD). Berbagai modifikasi telah dilakukan untuk meningkatkan efektivitas AD, salah satunya adalah pengaturan sistem proses AD dengan mengatur kadar total solid (TS) serta memvariasikan komposisi substrat. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengkaji pengaruh perbedaan komposisi substrat, kadar total solid, dan ukuran bulking agent (BA) yang digunakan terhadap degradasi anaerobik sampah sisa makanan. Variabel yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah perbedaan komposisi substrat, persentase penambahan BA untuk mengatur kadar total solid (TS), dan ukuran BA yang digunakan. Variasi substrat yang digunakan adalah sampah sisa makanan tinggi karbohidrat dan tinggi protein. Masing-masing komposisi dominan memegang persentase sebesar 66% dari total berat basah substrat, dengan sisa komposisi lain sebesar 17%. Variabel lain adalah persentase dan jenis BA yang ditambahkan. Persentase BA akan disesuaikan untuk mencapai kondisi semi-dry (TS 10 – 20%) dan dry (TS ≥20%). Jenis BA terbagi menjadi potongan kayu dan serbuk gergaji. Inokulum yang digunakan adalah mixed culture bakteri metanogen yang berasal dari instalasi pengolahan air limbah industri pabrik susu. Inokulum akan ditambahkan pada hari ke-0 sebanyak 50% dari berat substrat. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, tinggi protein (66%) memiliki pengaruh signifikan pada proses AD. Variasi tersebut dapat meningkatkan produksi biogas hingga 2,23 kali lipat dari komposisi substrat kontrol. Perbedaan AD dry dan semidry memberikan pengaruh signifikan pada konsentrasi COD lindi. Pada hari ke 70, konsentrasi COD lindi menurun signifikan dengan adanya peningkatan %TS. Perbedaan ukuran BA serbuk gergaji (1,11 mm) dan potongan kayu (9,35 mm) tidak berpengaruh pada parameter yang diteliti selama proses AD.
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The increase of population has led to the increase waste piles volume that ends up in landfills. Food waste composition holds the largest percentage in Indonesia, from generation at source to landfill. Food waste is considered as a suitable substrate for biogas production in anaerobic digestion (AD). Various modifications have been made to improve the effectiveness of AD, one of which is the adjustment of the AD process system by modifying the total solids (TS) content and varying the composition of substrate. This study is conducted to examine the effect of differences substrate composition, total solids content, and types of bulking agents used on the anaerobic degradation of food waste. The variables prepared in this study were the differences in food waste composition, the percentage bulking agent (BA) added to modify the total solid level (TS), and the type of bulking agent (BA). The composition of substrates was divided into food waste with high carbohydrates and high proteins. Each dominant composition represented 66% of total substrate, with the rest of the composition was 17%. Another variable was the percentage and type of BA added. The percentage of BA was adjusted to achieve semi-dry (10 – 20%) and dry (≥20%) TS levels. Types of BA were divided into wood chips and sawdust. The inoculum was a mixed culture of methanogenic bacteria collected from wastewater treatment plant of dairy factory industry. The inoculum was added 50% of the substrate weight at day 0. Based on the results of the study, high protein (66%) had significant influence on the AD process. These variations could increase biogas production up to 2.23 times than the control substrate composition. The difference between dry and semidry AD had a significant effect on the concentration of COD in leachate. On day 70, COD concentration was getting lower with the increase of TS content. The difference–sized bulking agent of sawdust (1.11 mm) and wood chips (9.35 mm) had no influence on the parameters studied during the AD process.

Item Type:	Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Anaerobic Digestion, Biogas, Bulking Agent, Food Waste, Leachate, Dekomposisi Anaerobik, Lindi, Sampah Sisa Makanan
Subjects:	T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD756.45 Anaerobic treatment
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Environmental Engineering > 25101-(S2) Master Thesis
Depositing User:	Chantika Fathia Khairunnisa
Date Deposited:	24 Jan 2025 06:16
Last Modified:	24 Jan 2025 06:16
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/116832

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