Studi Kemampuan Konversi Karbon dan Nitrogen dari Substrat Sampah Sayur dan Buah oleh Larva BSF

Zuhdi, Ahmed (2025) Studi Kemampuan Konversi Karbon dan Nitrogen dari Substrat Sampah Sayur dan Buah oleh Larva BSF. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Timbulan sampah di Indonesia mencapai 31 juta ton/tahun pada tahun 2023 yang didominasi oleh sampah makanan sebesar 40,6%. Sampah sayur dan buah masing-masing menyumbang 16% dan 20% dari total sampah makanan. Sampah sayur dan buah yang langsung ditimbun di TPA berpotensi memperpendek umur TPA serta menghasilkan emisi gas rumah kaca (GRK) dan lindi yang mencemari lingkungan. Pengolahan sampah sayur dan buah menggunakan larva Black Soldier Fly (BSF) merupakan metode pengolahan yang efisien dengan emisi GRK yang lebih rendah dibandingkan metode pengomposan dan penguraian anaerobik. Larva BSF mampu mengonversi sampah makanan menjadi biomassa larva yang kaya protein dan residu yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai pupuk. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur efisiensi biokonversi larva BSF dalam mereduksi sampah sayur dan buah melalui analisis konversi dan kehilangan karbon (C) serta nitrogen (N) dengan variasi komposisi substrat dan kepadatan larva. Sampah sayur dan buah yang digunakan didapatkan dari pedagang dan pasar di Kota Surabaya yang meliputi sayur kubis, kangkung, bayam, dan sawi serta buah semangka, melon, pisang dan pepaya. Variasi komposisi substrat yang digunakan adalah sayur 100%, sayur 90%:buah 10%, sayur 80%:buah 20%, sayur 70%:buah 30%, serta sayur 60%:buah 40%. Sedangkan variasi kepadatan larva pada penelitian ini meliputi 1, 2, dan 4 larva/cm2. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, konversi karbon dan nitrogen menjadi biomassa larva BSF berkisar pada nilai 7,92 – 17,59% dan 4,96 – 21,69%. Sedangkan konversi karbon dan nitrogen menjadi residu berkisar pada nilai 22,53 – 63,75% dan 18,12 – 80,78%. Kepadatan larva yang rendah dapat meningkatkan konversi karbon menjadi biomassa larva BSF namun konversi karbon menjadi residu menjadi rendah. Selain itu, kehilangan karbon dan nitrogen berkisar pada nilai 23,56 – 64,94% dan 3,83 – 67,32%. Kepadatan larva yang tinggi dapat menurunkan nilai kehilangan karbon. Berdasarkan hasil dari perhitungan konversi makanan, nilai AD, ECD, serta ECI berkisar pada nilai 32,44 – 74,71%, 17,68 – 42,96%, serta 8,09 – 18,64%. Kepadatan larva yang rendah dapat meningkatkan nilai AD dan ECI.
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Waste generation in Indonesia has reached 31 million tons/year in 2023, dominated by food waste at 40.6%. Vegetable and fruit waste respectively contribute 16% and 20% of total food waste. Vegetable and fruit waste that is directly dumped in landfills has the potential to shorten the usage period of landfills and produce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and leachate that pollute the environment. Processing vegetable and fruit waste using Black Soldier Fly (BSF) larvae is an efficient processing method with lower GHG emissions compared to composting and anaerobic decomposition methods. BSF larvae are able to convert food waste into protein-rich larval biomass and residues that can be used as soil fertilizer. This study aims to measure the efficiency of BSF larvae bioconversion in reducing vegetable and fruit waste through analysis of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) conversion and loss with variations in substrate composition and larval density. The vegetable and fruit waste used was obtained from merchants and markets in Surabaya City which included cabbage, water spinach, spinach, and mustard greens as well as watermelon, melon, banana and papaya. Variations in the substrate composition used were 100% vegetables, 90% vegetables:10% fruit, 80% vegetables:20% fruit, 70% vegetables:30% fruit, and 60% vegetables:40% fruit. While the variation in larval density in this study included 1, 2, and 4 larvae/cm2. Based on the analysis results, the conversion of carbon and nitrogen into BSF larvae biomass ranged from 7.92 to 17.59% and 4.96 to 21.69%. Meanwhile, the conversion of carbon and nitrogen into residue ranged from 22.53 to 63.75% and 18.12 to 80.78%. Low larval density can increase the conversion of carbon to BSF larval biomass but the conversion of carbon to residue is reduced. Furthermore, the loss of carbon and nitrogen ranged from 23.56 to 64.94% and 3.83 to 67.32%. High larval densities can reduce carbon loss values. Based on the results of the food conversion, the AD, ECD, and ECI values ranged from 32.44 to 74.71%, 17.68 to 42.96%, and 8.09 to 18.64%. Low larval density can increase the AD and ECI.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	BSF larvae, carbon, larval density, nitrogen, vegetable and fruit waste, karbon, kepadatan larva, larva BSF, sampah sayur dan buah
Subjects:	T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD794.5 Recycling (Waste, etc.) T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD796.5 Composting
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Environmental Engineering > 25201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Ahmed Zuhdi
Date Deposited:	25 Jan 2025 01:56
Last Modified:	25 Jan 2025 01:56
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/116837

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