Pengolahan Air Limbah Laboratorium Departemen Teknik Lingkungan

Prasetyati, Herrani Dyah (2025) Pengolahan Air Limbah Laboratorium Departemen Teknik Lingkungan. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Air limbah laboratorium mengandung bahan organik dan anorganik yang dapat mencemari lingkungan jika tidak diolah terlebih dahulu. Departemen Teknik Lingkungan ITS telah memiliki instalasi pengolahan air limbah laboratorium, namun saat ini belum beroperasi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengkaji pengaruh sedimentasi sebagai pre-treatment sebelum proses koagulasi-flokulasi, mengkaji jenis koagulan yang sesuai serta dosis optimum yang digunakan dalam pengolahan air limbah laboratorium dengan proses koagulasi-flokulasi, mengkaji efisiensi penggunaan proses ozonasi sebagai pre-treatment pengolahan air limbah laboratorium, dan menyusun basic design dan Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) pengolahan air limbah laboratorium yang dapat diterapkan di lapangan. Parameter kualitas air limbah yang akan diuji meliputi pH, COD, TSS, TDS, TOC, logam berat (kromium, besi, merkuri, dan timbal), dan alkalinitas. Pada penelitian, ini akan menggunakan variasi waktu sedimentasi, variasi jenis koagulan, dan variasi waktu proses ozonasi dalam sistem pengolahan. Penelitian ini terdiri dari persiapan penelitian, penelitian pendahuluan, dan penelitian utama. Persiapan penelitian meliputi persiapan alat dan bahan laboratorium serta pemeriksaan saluran air limbah dan IPAL. Penelitian pendahuluan meliputi survei fluktuasi kuantitas dan kualitas air limbah. Penelitian utama meliputi percobaan tiap proses di laboratorium dan proses perhitungan skala lapangan. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah efisiensi penyisihan polutan terbesar menggunakan proses sedimentasi dengan waktu pengendapan selama 60 menit, dengan efisiensi penyisihan TSS sebesar 55,56%. Jenis koagulan dan dosis optimum pada proses koagulasi-flokulasi adalah menggunakan PAC pada pH 6 dan dosis sebesar 238,115 mg/L serta tanpa proses sedimentasi, dengan efisiensi penyisihan TDS, TSS, dan COD masing-masing sebesar 7,20%, 88,16%, dan 14,15%. Walaupun pada proses sedimentasi dapat menurunkan konsentrasi TSS, namun tidak ada pengaruh yang signifikan dari proses sedimentasi terhadap proses koagulasi-flokulasi. Penggunaan proses ozonasi sebagai pre-treatment optimum pada saat waktu ozonasi 10 menit dan menggunakan dosis koagulan sebesar 147,191 mg/L dengan efisiensi penyisihan konsentrasi TDS, TSS, dan COD, masing- masing adalah 5,20%, 71,84%, dan 54,75%. Penyusunan basic design mendapatkan hasil luas lahan yang dibutuhkan untuk IPAL adalah sebesar 21,94 m2. Sedangkan, SOP yang disusun meliputi tata cara pada tahap persiapan, pengoperasian, pelaporan, dan pemeliharaan IPAL.
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Both organic and inorganic pollutants found in laboratory effluent have the potential to harm the environment if they are not handled beforehand. There is a laboratory wastewater treatment facility in the Environmental Engineering Department ITS, however, it is not yet used. This study aims were to determine the effect of sedimentation as a pre-treatment before the coagulation-flocculation process, to determine the appropriate type of coagulant and the optimum dosage used for the coagulation-flocculation process, to determine the efficiency of using the ozonation process as a pre-treatment of laboratory wastewater treatment, and to prepare a basic design and Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for laboratory wastewater treatment that can be applied in the field. pH, COD, TSS, TDS, TOC, heavy metals (chromium, iron, mercury, and lead), and alkalinity are the wastewater quality parameters to be tested. Variations in sedimentation times, coagulant types, and ozonation process times will all be used in this study. This study consists of research preparation, preliminary research, and main research. Research preparation includes preparation of laboratory equipment and inspection of wastewater channels and treatment plants. Preliminary research includes a survey of wastewater quantity and quality fluctuations. The main research includes experiments on each process in the laboratory and the field-scale calculation process. This research concludes that the greatest pollutant removal efficiency uses a sedimentation process with a settling time of 60 minutes, with a TSS removal efficiency of 55,56%. The type of coagulant and the optimum dose in the coagulation-flocculation process are using PAC at pH 6 and a dose of 238,115 mg/L and without a sedimentation process, with TDS, TSS, and COD removal efficiencies of 7,20%, 88,16%, dan 14,15%, respectively. Although the sedimentation process can reduce TSS concentration, there is no significant effect of the sedimentation process on the coagulation-flocculation process. The use of the ozonation process as a pre-treatment get optimum condition at an ozonation time of 10 minutes and using a PAC coagulant dose of 147,191 mg/L with a TDS, TSS, and COD removal efficiency of 5,20%, 71,84%, dan 54,75%, respectively. The preparation of the basic design obtained the results of the land area needed for the WWTP of 21,94 m2. Meanwhile, the prepared SOP includes procedures for the WWTP's preparation, operation, reporting, and maintenance stages.

Item Type:	Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Air Limbah Laboratorium, Flokulasi, Koagulasi, Ozonasi, Sedimentasi, Coagulation, Flocculation, Laboratory, Wastewater, Ozonation, Sedimentation
Subjects:	T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD433 Water treatment plants T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD455 Chemical precipitation. Coagulation. Flocculation. Water--Purification--Flocculation.
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Environmental Engineering > 25101-(S2) Master Thesis
Depositing User:	Herrani Dyah Prasetyati
Date Deposited:	25 Jan 2025 04:33
Last Modified:	25 Jan 2025 04:33
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/116878

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