Studi Numerik Karakteristik Aerodinamik dan Optimasi Desain Reduksi Gaya Hambat terhadap Pengaruh Kecepatan Truk pada Model Truk Kargo

Farhan, Naufal Aqil (2025) Studi Numerik Karakteristik Aerodinamik dan Optimasi Desain Reduksi Gaya Hambat terhadap Pengaruh Kecepatan Truk pada Model Truk Kargo. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Terdapat banyak sekali aplikasi ilmu mekanika fluida dalam kehidupan nyata, salah satu contohnya adalah penggunaan ilmu aerodinamika dalam mengoptimalkan bentuk aerodinamik dari suatu kendaraan agar dapat mereduksi gaya drag yang terjadi. Reduksi gaya drag pada truk diperlukan karena tingginya kerugian energi yang terjadi, dengan penggunaan energi mencapai 1.440.000 MJ tiap tahunnya. Mengurangi gaya drag dapat meningkatkan efisiensi bahan bakar, sehingga kendaraan menjadi lebih hemat energi dan menghasilkan emisi karbon yang lebih rendah. Beberapa metode yang digunakan dalam mereduksi gaya drag ini adalah dengan menggunakan boat-tail yang diletakkan di belakang bus agar dapat mengurangi area wake yang terjadi di belakang truk, pemasangan belly box dan skirt yang terletak dibawah dan disamping truk agar dapat menghalangi aliran yang berada dari samping truk sehingga gaya drag-nya dapat dikurangi. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mendapatkan data kualitatif profil kecepatan dan visualisasi aliran yang melewati model truk ketika ditambahkan belly box, skirt, serta boat-tail. Dengan variasi panjang boat-tail yaitu 4%, 6%, dan 8% dari panjang total, Selain itu penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk mengetahui koefisien drag (CD), koefisien lift (CL), dan koefisien pressure (CP). Untuk memperoleh data-data tersebut, dilakukan simulasi menggunakan perangkat lunak ANSYS 2023 R2 pada model truk yang telah dibuat. Model truk didesain berdasarkan situs volvotrucks.com, menggunakan model Volvo Range tipe FH84RF2L yang diproduksi oleh Volvo Trucks. Penelitian ini memanfaatkan model turbulensi k-ω SST dengan variasi kecepatan 20 m/s, 25 m/s, dan 30 m/s. Simulasi dilakukan dengan berbagai variasi panjang boat-tail yang dipasang di bagian belakang truk, serta dengan penambahan skirt di sisi truk dan belly box di bagian bawah truk. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa semakin panjang boat-tail, drag coefficient (CD) menurun, sementara lift coefficient (CL) cenderung meningkat, kecuali pada variasi 3 (8% L) di mana CL justru menurun. Basemodel truk memiliki CD 0,719 dan CL -0,232, sementara penambahan boat-tail dengan panjang 4%, 6%, dan 8% L mengurangi CD menjadi 0,680, 0,675, dan 0,672, dengan CL masing-masing -0,212, -0,208, dan -0,252. Penghematan bahan bakar untuk masing-masing variasi adalah 0,514, 0,580, dan 0,611 liter/jam, dengan reduksi emisi CO₂ sebesar 4,358, 4,915, dan 5,178 ton/tahun. Visualisasi aliran udara menunjukkan bahwa area wake semakin kecil seiring bertambahnya panjang boat-tail, didukung oleh skirt dan belly box. Variasi 3 dinilai paling optimal karena menghasilkan CD terendah, downforce tertinggi, serta efisiensi bahan bakar dan pengurangan emisi CO₂ yang signifikan, jika mengabaikan rolling resistance atau gesekan roda terhadap ground.
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There are numerous applications of fluid mechanics in real life, one of which is the use of aerodynamics to optimize the aerodynamic shape of vehicles to reduce drag force. Reducing drag force in trucks is essential due to the significant energy losses, with energy usage reaching 1,440,000 MJ each year. Minimizing drag can enhance fuel efficiency, making vehicles more energy-efficient and reducing carbon emissions. Several methods to reduce drag include the use of a boat-tail placed at the rear of the truck to reduce the wake area, as well as the installation of a belly box and skirts located under and on the sides of the truck to block airflow from the sides, thereby decreasing drag force. This study aims to obtain qualitative data on the velocity profile and flow visualization passing through the truck model with the addition of a belly box, skirts, and a boat-tail. The boat-tail length variations used in this study are 4%, 6%, and 8% of the total truck length. Additionally, the study seeks to analyze the drag coefficient (CD), lift coefficient (CL), and pressure coefficient (CP). To obtain these data, simulations were conducted using ANSYS 2023 R1 software on a truck model specifically designed for this study. The truck model was based on the volvotrucks.com website, using the Volvo Range FH84RF2L model manufactured by Volvo Trucks. The study utilized the k-ω SST turbulence model, with speed variations of 20 m/s, 25 m/s, and 30 m/s. Simulations were performed with different boat-tail lengths installed at the rear of the truck, along with the addition of skirts on the truck's sides and a belly box underneath the truck. This study shows that as the boat-tail length increases, the drag coefficient (CD) decreases, while the lift coefficient (CL) tends to increase, except for variation 3 (8% L), where CL decreases. The base truck model has a CD of 0.719 and a CL of -0.232, while adding a boat-tail with lengths of 4%, 6%, and 8% L reduces the CD to 0.680, 0.675, and 0.672, with corresponding CL values of -0.212, -0.208, and -0.252. The fuel savings for each variation are 0.514, 0.580, and 0.611 liters/hour, with CO₂ emission reductions of 4.358, 4.915, and 5.178 tons/year. Airflow visualization shows that the wake area decreases as the boat-tail length increases, supported by the skirt and belly box. Variation 3 is considered the most optimal as it achieves the lowest CD, the highest downforce, as well as significant fuel efficiency and CO₂ emission reduction, assuming rolling resistance is ignored.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Aerodynamic force, Belly Box, Boat-tail, CFD, Skirt, Truck, Belly Box, Boat-tail, CFD, Gaya aerodinamika, Skirt, Truk
Subjects:	T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD171.75 Climate change mitigation T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD883.5 Air--Pollution T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ700 Traction engines, etc. T Technology > TL Motor vehicles. Aeronautics. Astronautics > TL152.5 Motor vehicles Driving T Technology > TL Motor vehicles. Aeronautics. Astronautics > TL229.D5 Diesel automobiles
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Mechanical Engineering > 21201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Naufal Aqil Farhan
Date Deposited:	05 Feb 2025 01:48
Last Modified:	05 Feb 2025 01:48
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/117888

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