Analisis Kegagalan Plat Heating Element Air Preheater Ditinjau dari Aspek Metalurgi

Cendanis, Nada Ayu (2025) Analisis Kegagalan Plat Heating Element Air Preheater Ditinjau dari Aspek Metalurgi. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Komponen utama yang digunakan dalam steam power plant adalah boiler. Secara sederhana, prinsip kerja boiler adalah menghasilkan uap melalui proses pembakaran bahan bakar yang digunakan untuk proses pemanasan air hingga temperatur tertentu. Salah satu komponen yang digunakan untuk meningkatkan efisiensi boiler adalah air-preheater. Pada salah satu air-preheater di suatu PLTU ditemukan kerusakan pada bagian heating element hot-side section dari air-preheater. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menelusuri penyebab kegagalan pada heating element preheater basket pada komponen air-heater dengan harapan hasil penelitian dapat menjadi pertimbangan untuk tindakan preventive sehingga meminimalisir kerusakan dengan penyebab yang serupa. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan melakukan observasi lapangan pada lokasi kerusakan heating element air-preheater. Dari observasi lapangan, terlihat terdapat produk korosi yang tersebar pada permukaan heating element. Kemudian penelitian dilanjutkan dengan melakukan pengamatan makroskopis dan pengukuran dimensi ketebalan pada spesimen uji yang diambil. Lalu, spesimen dipotong menjadi beberapa sampel untuk dilakukan pengujian. Pengujian yang dilakukan yaitu pengujian metalografi dan Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) untuk mengetahui perubahan struktur mikro, pengujian Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS) dan X-ray Diffraction (XRD), pengujian Optical Emission Spectroscopy (OES) untuk mengetahui komposisi kimia plat, dan pengujian Vickers Hardness untuk mengetahui perubahan nilai kekerasan plat. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, material plat heating element tersusun dari fasa ferit, hal ini menunjukkan telah terjadi proses decarburizing yang menyebabkan penurunan kualitas material. Dari hasil analisa, produk korosi merupakan hasil interaksi antara material dengan lingkungan. Produk korosi ditemukan pada kedua permukaan plat, dimana pada kedua permukaan ditemukan banyak kandungan Fe dan O sebagai produk korosi dari reaksi antara plat dengan lingkungan kerja air -preheater yang mengandung oksigen. Selain kedua unsur tersebut juga ditemukan kandungan Cl (klorin) yang dibuktikan pada pengujian SEM-EDS. Dari pengujian XRD, produk korosi tersusun dari dua senyawa utama yaitu FeO2 (goethite) dan FeCl3. FeCl3 mengandung ion klorin yang dapat mempenetrasi lapisan oxide lainnya dan menginisiasi pitting. Pitting corrosion akan memperparah penipisan material yang telah terjadi akibat general corrosion hingga menyebabkan kegagalan plat.
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The main component used in a steam power plant is the boiler. In simple terms, the working principle of a boiler is to produce steam through the process of burning fuel which is used to heat water to a certain temperature. One of the components used to improve boiler efficiency is the air-preheater. In one of the air-preheaters in a coal-fired power plant, damage was found in the heating element hot-side section of the air-preheater. This study was conducted to trace the causes of failure in the heating element of the basket preheater on the air-heater component with the hope that the results of the study can be considered for preventive measures so as to minimize damage with similar causes. This research was carried out by conducting field observations at the location of damage to the heating element air-preheater. From field observations, it can be seen that there are corrosion products scattered on the surface of the heating element. Then the research continued by conducting macroscopic observations and measuring the thickness dimensions on the test specimens taken. Then, the specimen was cut into several samples for testing. The tests carried out are metallographic testing and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) to determine changes in microstructure, Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) testing, Optical Emission Spectroscopy (OES) testing to determine the chemical composition of the plate, and Vickers Hardness testing to determine changes in the hardness value of the plate. Based on the results of the analysis, the heating element plate material is composed of a ferrite phase, this shows that there has been a decarburizing process that causes a decrease in material quality. From the results of the analysis, corrosion products are the result of the interaction between materials and the environment. Corrosion products are found on both surfaces of the plate, where on both surfaces are found to contain a lot of Fe and O as corrosion products from the reaction between the plate and the working environment of the water-preheater containing oxygen. In addition to these two elements, the content of Cl (chlorine) was also found which was proven in the SEM-EDS test. From XRD testing, corrosion products are composed of two main compounds, namely FeO2 (goethite) and FeCl3. FeCl3 contains chlorine ions that can penetrate other oxide layers and initiate pitting. Pitting corrosion will aggravate the thinning of the material that has occurred due to general corrosion to cause plate failure.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Air Preheater, Kegagalan, Heating Element, Air Preheater, Failure, Heating Element
Subjects:	T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ263.5 Boilers (general)
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology > Mechanical Engineering > 21201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Nada Ayu Cendanis
Date Deposited:	05 Feb 2025 09:22
Last Modified:	05 Feb 2025 09:22
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/118257

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