Pengaruh Penambahan Syngas Hasil Gasifikasi Pelet Sekam Padi Terhadap Unjuk Kerja Mesin Diesel Dual Fuel

Rafi, Muhammad (2025) Pengaruh Penambahan Syngas Hasil Gasifikasi Pelet Sekam Padi Terhadap Unjuk Kerja Mesin Diesel Dual Fuel. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Diesel sebagai salah satu bahan bakar untuk pembangkitan energi di Indonesia, sementara ketersediaan diesel tidak dapat diperbaharui. Kondisi ini mendorong penggunaan energi alternatif. Salah satu energi altrernatif yang memiliki potensi besar untuk dimanfaatkan adalah biomassa sekam padi. Sekam padi dipeletkan terlebih dahulu untuk meningkatkan nilai kalor dan kepadatannya. Sekam padi kemudian diolah melalui proses gasifikasi yang menghasilkan syngas. Syngas dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan bakar diesel sistem dual fuel. Oleh karena itu, pada penelitian ini terdapat penambahan syngas hasil gasifikasi sekam padi pada mesin diesel. Tujuan utama untuk mengkarakterisasi unjuk kerja mesin diesel, mendapatkan substitusi syngas yang maksimal pada sistem dual fuel, dan melihat perubahan pada kondisi operasional mesin. Penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimental menggunakan mesin diesel pada putaran mesin konstan 3000 rpm dengan variasi bukaan valve syngas dan pembebanan dari 500 watt hingga 4500 Watt dengan interval kenaikan 500 Watt. Sistem pemasukkan syngas menggunakan mixer secara langsung dari reaktor. Valve syngas dilakukan variasi bukaan ¼, ½, ¾, dan bukaan penuh. Pengukuran dilakukan terhadap arus dan tegangan listrik tiap pembebanan, waktu konsumsi biodiesel 25 ml, opasitas emisi gas buang, serta temperatur operasi: oli, mesin, dan gas buang. Hasil penelitian didapat pada variasi bukaan ½ menghasilkan unjuk kerja yang paling optimal. Daya, torsi, dan BMEP normal untuk setiap variasi bukaan syngas. Penurunan specific fuel consumption (SFC) biodiesel sebesar 14,2% didapat pada bukaan ½, dengan variasi lainnya juga menurunkan SFC biodiesel. Nilai efisiensi termal mengalami peningkatan sebesar 4,6% dari kondisi single fuel, akan tetapi variasi bukaan ¾ dan penuh mengalami penurunan efisiensi termal yang signifikan. Nilai AFR menurun sebesar 51,39% dari kondisi single fuel, dengan variasi lainnya juga menurunkan nilai AFR semakin banyak untuk variasi yg lebih besar. Nilai opasitas emisi didapat peningkatan sebesar 74,2% akibat dari pembakaran yang tidak sempurna. Penambahan syngas dapat mensubstitusi biodiesel terbaik hingga 21,86% pada beban 80% dengan variasi bukaan ¾.
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Diesel is used as one of the fuels for power generation in Indonesia, but its availability is non-renewable. This condition drives the need for alternative energy sources. One alternative energy with significant potential is rice husk biomass. Rice husk is pelletized first to improve its calorific value and density. The rice husk is then processed through a gasification process to produce syngas, which can be used as a fuel in a dual-fuel diesel engine system. Therefore, this research investigates the addition of syngas from rice husk gasification in a diesel engine. The main objectives are to characterize the engine performance, determine the maximum syngas substitution in the dual-fuel system, and observe changes in engine operational conditions. The experiment was conducted using a diesel engine at a constant speed of 3000 rpm, with variations in syngas valve openings and load levels ranging from 500 watts to 4500 watts in 500-watt increments. Syngas was introduced directly into the engine through a mixer. The valve opening was varied at ¼, ½, ¾, and full openings. Measurements were made for electrical current and voltage at each load, biodiesel consumption time for 25 ml, exhaust gas opacity, and operational temperatures (oil, engine, and exhaust gas). The results showed that a ½ valve opening yielded the most optimal performance. Power, torque, and BMEP were normal across all syngas valve opening variations. A 14.2% reduction in biodiesel specific fuel consumption (SFC) was observed with the ½ opening, with other variations also reducing SFC. Thermal efficiency increased by 4.6% compared to single-fuel conditions, although the ¾ and full valve openings showed a significant decrease in thermal efficiency. The air-fuel ratio (AFR) decreased by 51.39% compared to single-fuel conditions, with larger valve openings resulting in progressively lower AFR values. Opacity emissions increased by 74.2% due to incomplete combustion. The addition of syngas could substitute up to 21.86% of biodiesel at 80% load with a ¾ valve opening.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Biomassa, Sekam Padi, Gasifikasi, Diesel Dual Fuel. Biomass, Rice Husk, Gasification, Diesel Dual Fuel.
Subjects:	T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ797 Diesel motor--Fuel systems--Testing. T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ808 Renewable energy sources. Energy harvesting.
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Mechanical Engineering > 21201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Muhammad Rafi
Date Deposited:	05 Feb 2025 10:36
Last Modified:	05 Feb 2025 10:36
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/118319

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