Pengaruh Penambahan Syngas Hasil Gasifikasi Pelet Cangkang Sawit Terhadap Unjuk Kerja Mesin Diesel Dual Fuel

Pratama, Adib Yorizka (2025) Pengaruh Penambahan Syngas Hasil Gasifikasi Pelet Cangkang Sawit Terhadap Unjuk Kerja Mesin Diesel Dual Fuel. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

Text 5007201096-Undergraduate_Thesis.pdf - Accepted Version Restricted to Repository staff only until 1 April 2027. Download (3MB) | Request a copy

Abstract

Kebutuhan terhadap energi listrik di Indonesia dari tahun ke tahun makin meningkat. Hal ini dapat disebabkan oleh perkembangan zaman, pertumbuhan ekonomi, perkantoran, dan peningkatan jumlah penduduk di tengah keterbatasan pasokan energi. Kondisi ini terus mendorong pengembangan energi terbarukan dan peningkatan pemanfaatan energi terbarukan dalam upaya untuk mengurangi penggunaan energi fosil. Salah satu energi terbarukan yang sangat potensial untuk digunakan di Indonesia adalah biomassa, yang memiliki potensi yang sangat besar untuk digunakan sebagai sumber energi. Salah satu cara yang efisien untuk menggunakan biomassa adalah melalui gasifikasi. Gasifikasi adalah proses konversi termokimia bahan bakar padat (biomassa) menjadi syngas (CO, CH4, H2). Gas hasil gasifikasi dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan bakar diesel dual fuel. Penggunaan syngas pada sistem dual fuel mesin diesel dapat meningkatkan unjuk kerja dan efisiensi mesin. Oleh karena itu, pada penelitian ini terdapat penambahan syngas hasil gasifikasi pelet cangkang sawit pada mesin diesel. Dengan penambahan syngas diharapkan performa dan efisiensi dari mesin diesel meningkat. Pengujian dilakukan untuk mengkarakterisasi kinerja mesin diesel sistem dual fuel. Mesin diuji pada putaran konstan 3000 rpm dengan variasi bukaan valve syngas dan pembebanan dari 500 W hingga 4500 W dengan interval kenaikan 500 W. Sistem pemasukkan syngas menggunakan mixer secara langsung dari reaktor. Valve syngas diatur bukaanya sehingga dihasilkan variasi bukaan 1/4, bukaan 1/2, bukaan 3/4, dan bukaan penuh. Pengukuran dilakukan terhadap arus dan tegangan listrik tiap pembebanan, waktu konsumsi bahan bakar diesel, temperatur operasi, dan emisi gas buang. Data-data tersebut dapat digunakan untuk menghitung daya, torsi, tekanan efektif rata-rata, specific fuel consumption, efisiensi termal, biodiesel tersubstitusi, air-fuel ratio, efisiensi volumetrik, dan energi input per siklus. Seletah penulis melakukan percobaan, didapat bahwa variasi bukaan ¾ menghasilkan unjuk kerja yang paling optimal. Penurunan specific fuel consumption (SFC) biodiesel sebesar 21,5% dari 0,256 kg/kWh menjadi 0,201 kg/kWh. Nilai efisiensi termal mengalami penurunan sebesar 1,5% dari kondisi single fuel. Nilai AFR terendah pada kondisi dual fuel, angka ini menurun sebesar 73% dari kondisi single fuel. AFR yang tidak ideal juga memberikan dampak terhadap temperatur operasi, temperatur mesin tertinggi 70°C meningkat 16,7%, temperatur oli tertinggi 110°C meningkat 10%, dan temperatur gas buang tertinggi 229°C meningkat 21,2% dibandingkan dengan kondisi single fuel. Nilai opasitas emisi didapat penurunan sebesar 32,25% dari 1,55 m-1 menjadi 1,05 m-1. Penambahan syngas dapat mensubstitusi biodiesel terbaik hingga 39,6%.
===============================================================================================================================
The need for electrical energy in Indonesia is increasing from year to year. This can be caused by the development of the era, economic growth, offices, and increasing population amidst limited energy supply. This condition continues to encourage the development of renewable energy and increased utilization of renewable energy to reduce the use of fossil energy. One of the renewable energies that is very potential to be used in Indonesia is biomass, which has very great potential to be used as an energy source. One efficient way to use biomass is through gasification. Gasification is the process of thermochemical conversion of solid fuels (biomass) into syngas (CO, CH4, H2). The gas from gasification can be used as dual fuel diesel fuel. The use of syngas in the dual fuel system of a diesel engine can improve engine performance and efficiency. Therefore, in this study there is an addition of syngas from the gasification of palm shell pellets in a diesel engine. With the addition of syngas, it is expected that the performance and efficiency of the diesel engine will increase. Testing was carried out to characterize the performance of the dual fuel system diesel engine. The engine was tested at a constant speed of 3000 rpm with variations in the syngas valve opening and loading from 500 W to 4500 W with an increase interval of 500 W. The syngas input system uses a mixer directly from the reactor. The syngas valve is adjusted to produce variations in opening 1/4, opening 1/2, opening 3/4, and full opening. Measurements were made on the electric current and voltage for each load, diesel fuel consumption time, operating temperature, and exhaust emissions. These data can be used to calculate power, torque, average effective pressure, specific fuel consumption, thermal efficiency, substituted biodiesel, air-fuel ratio, volumetric efficiency, and input energy per cycle. After the author conducted the experiment, it was found that the ¾ opening variation produced the most optimal performance. The decrease in biodiesel specific fuel consumption (SFC) was 21.5% from 0.256 kg/kWh to 0.201 kg/kWh. The thermal efficiency value decreased by 1.5% from the single fuel condition. The lowest AFR value was in the dual fuel condition, this figure decreased by 73% from the single fuel condition. Non-ideal AFR also has an impact on operating temperature, the highest engine temperature of 70°C increased by 16.7%, the highest oil temperature of 110°C increased by 10%, and the highest exhaust gas temperature of 229°C increased by 21.2% compared to the single fuel condition. The emission opacity value decreased by 32.25% from 1.55 m-1 to 1.05 m-1. The addition of syngas can substitute the best biodiesel up to 39.6%.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Biomassa, Pelet Cangkang Sawit, Gasifikasi, Syngas, Diesel Dual Fuel, Biomass, Palm Shell Pellets, Gasification, Syngas, Diesel Dual Fuel
Subjects:	T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ797 Diesel motor--Fuel systems--Testing. T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ808 Renewable energy sources. Energy harvesting.
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Mechanical Engineering > 21201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Adib Yorizka Pratama
Date Deposited:	05 Feb 2025 10:41
Last Modified:	05 Feb 2025 10:41
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/118323

Actions (login required)

View Item