Muharrami, Laila Khamsatul (2025) Metabolomik dan Bioaktivitas Temu Kunci (Boesenbergia rotunda (L) Mansf) dari Berbagai Daerah: Eksplorasi Kearifan Lokal dalam Tradisi Jamu Madura. Doctoral thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Madura merupakan salah satu pulau yang dikenal dengan ramuan jamu. Pengetahuan lokal masyarakat akan kearifan lokal jamu diwariskan secara turun-temurun sehingga tetap terjaga. Penelitian ini bertujuan menginventarisasi tanaman jamu di Madura, memperoleh hubungan antara pengaruh perbedaan lokasi dan penggunaan variasi pelarut dalam ekstraksi, mendapatkan profil metabolit ekstrak temu kunci dari lima lokasi pengambilan sampel dan data kemometriknya, memperoleh senyawa-senyawa marker dari ekstrak temu kunci, data bioaktivitas, dan nanofiber dari senyawa-senyawa marker. Data inventaris tanaman jamu diperoleh melalui teknik purposive sampling dari 36 narasumber. Sampel penelitian berupa temu kunci berasal dari Probolinggo, Pacitan, Ponotogo, Malang dan Situbondo; sedangkan ekstraksi dilakukan menggunakan pelarut n-heksana, diklorometana, etil asetat dan metanol. Ekstrak yang diperoleh selanjutnya diuji kandungan fenol dan flavonoida, serta aktivitas antioksidannya dengan pereaksi 2,2-difenil 1-pikrilhidrazil (metoda DPPH) maupun asam 2,2’-azino-bis(3-etilbenzotiazolin)-6-sulfonat (metoda ABTS). Profil metabolit diambil dari ekstrak metanol masing-masing lokasi, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan kromatografi cair-spektometri massa dan kemometrik. Isolasi senyawa-senyawa maker dilakukan terhadap ekstrak metanol sampel yang berasal dari Ponorogo terpilih, isolat yang diperoleh diuji bioaktivitas terhadap antibakteri dan antijamur dan dibuat sebagai nanofiber dengan metode electrospinning. Hasil inventarisasi mendapatkan 28 ramuan jamu Madura dengan bahan baku berasal dari 40 famili tanaman dan 74 jenis tanaman, dan daun menjadi bagian tanaman yang paling banyak digunakan dalam pembuatan ramuan jamu Madura. Famili tanamman yang paling banyak digunakan adalah Zingiberaceae (Family Use Value/FUV = 0,43). Jamu dengan nilai Informant Consensus Factor (ICF) tertinggi adalah jamu khusus wanita (ICF=0,75), temu kunci (Boesenbergia rotunda) merupakan tanaman yang sering dijumpai pada Jamu khusus wanita. Ekstrak metanol temu kunci yang berasal dari Situbondo menunjukkan kandungan fenolik tertinggi (190,165 mg GAE/g). Ekstrak diklorometana dari Ponorogo mempunyai kandungan flavonoida tertinggi (77,116 mg QE/g), sedangkan untuk aktivitas antioksidan tertinggi terdapat pada ekstrak metanol dari Ponorogo (3,003±0,258 µg/mL dengan metoda DPPH dan 0,177±0,046 µg/mL dengan metoda ABTS). Terdapat perbedaan profil metabolit ekstrak temu kunci dari Probolinggo, Pacitan, Ponorogo, Malang dan Situbondo. Senyawa-senyawa marker yang terdapat dalam ekstrak metanol masing-masing lokasi adalah pinostrobin, alpinetin, pinosembrin, dan desmetoksiyangonin. Profil metabolit sekunder pada masing-masing lokasi pada ekstrak metanol juga ditemukan senyawa penciri masing-masing lokasi. Dari penelitian ini diperoleh senyawa pinostrobin, pinosembrin, alpinetin dan panduratin A. Berdasarkan hasil uji, pinosembrin mempunyai aktivitas antibakteri yang terbaik, sedangkan pinostrobin dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai nanofiber.
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Madura is acknowledged as one of the islands distinguished for its herbal formulations. The indigenous knowledge intrinsic to the community regarding the local wisdom surrounding herbal medicine is transmitted across generations, ensuring its preservation. This study aims to inventory herbal plants in Madura, determine the relationship between geographical variations and the use of solvent variations in extraction, elucidate the metabolite profiles of fingerroot extracts sourced from five sampling locations together with their relevant chemometric data, identify marker compounds present in the extracts of fingerroot, evaluate bioactivity data, and nanofibers from the identified marker compounds. The inventory data related to herbal plants were obtained through targeted sampling methodologies involving 36 participants. The research materials, notably fingerroot, were collected from Probolinggo, Pacitan, Ponotogo, Malang, and Situbondo; extraction techniques were carried out using n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and methanol as solvents. The resultant extracts were subsequently analyzed for their flavonoid and phenolic content, alongside assessments of antioxidant activity employing 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl reagents (DPPH method) and 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS method). Metabolite profiles were obtained from methanol extracts collected at each sampling site, subsequently analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and chemometric techniques. The isolation of marker compounds was conducted on methanol extracts obtained from selected samples in Ponorogo, with the isolates subsequently tested for bioactivity against antibacterial and antifungal agents and fabricated into nanofibers utilizing the electrospinning method. The inventory findings revealed 28 Madurese herbal formulations composed of raw materials from 40 plant families and 74 plant species, with leaves were the most widely used part of the plant in making Madurese herbal formulations. The Zingiberaceae family was identified as the most frequently utilized plant family (Family Use Value/FUV = 0.43). The herbal medicine exhibiting the highest Informant Consensus Factor (ICF) value pertains to those specifically formulated for women (ICF=0.75), with fingerroot (B. rotunda) being a plant frequently encountered in herbal remedies designed for women. The methanol extract of B. rotunda from Situbondo exhibited the highest phenolic content (190.165 mg GAE/g). The dichloromethane extract sourced from Ponorogo demonstrated the highest flavonoid content (77.116 mg QE/g), while the methanol extract from Ponorogo recorded the highest antioxidant activity (3.003±0.258 µg/mL via DPPH method and 0.177±0.046 µg/mL via ABTS method). Notable differences were observed in the metabolite profiles of extracts from Probolinggo, Pacitan, Ponorogo, Malang, and Situbondo. The marker compounds identified within the methanol extract from each location included pinostrobin, alpinetin, pinocembrin, and desmetoxyyangonin. The secondary metabolite profiles from each location within the methanol extract also revealed characteristic compounds unique to each site. From this study, pinostrobin, pinocembrin, alpinetin, and panduratin A were isolated. According to the result, pinocembrin exhibited the most pronounced antibacterial activity, whereas pinostrobin demonstrated potential applicability as a nanofiber material.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Doctoral) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Boesenbergia rotunda, electrospinning, herbal medicine, metabolomics, marker, Boesenbergia rotunda, elektrospinning, jamu, metabolomik, marker |
| Subjects: | Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD251.2 Chemistry, Organic. Biochemistry R Medicine > R Medicine (General) |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Science and Data Analytics (SCIENTICS) > Chemistry > 47001-(S3) PhD Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Laila Khamsatul Muharrami |
| Date Deposited: | 06 Feb 2025 07:58 |
| Last Modified: | 06 Feb 2025 07:59 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/118464 |
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