Identifikasi Keanekaragaman dan Potensi Enzim Jamur Kayu Pada Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit Di Banyuasin Sumatera Selatan

Arieny, Mutiara (2025) Identifikasi Keanekaragaman dan Potensi Enzim Jamur Kayu Pada Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit Di Banyuasin Sumatera Selatan. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Penyakit busuk pangkal batang (BPB) pada kelapa sawit di Indonesia, terutama di Sumatera Utara, Riau, dan Lampung, mengakibatkan kerugian signifikan dengan serangan mencapai 20%-30%, menurunkan jumlah Tandan Buah Segar (TBS) dan rendemen. Jamur kayu, yang banyak ditemukan sebagai penyebab BPB, menghasilkan enzim yang memecah komponen utama dinding sel tanaman, seperti selulosa dan lignin, memungkinkan jamur tersebut bertindak sebagai patogen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi jamur kayu yang ada di tanaman kelapa sawit di Banyuasin, Sumatera Selatan, serta menguji kemampuan tumbuhnya pada berbagai jenis kayu dan potensi enzim (ligninase, selulase, dan hemiselulase). Metode penelitian ini terdiri dari isolasi dengan metode jelajah, identifikasi secara morfologi dan uji potensi enzim selulase, hemiselulase, ligninase. Isolasi jamur kayu menggunakan media Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA). Identifikasi morfologi jamur secara makroskopis dan mikroskopis. Data yang diperoleh dari pengamatan morfologi jamur, pertumbuhan jamur pada kayu, serta aktivitas enzim dianalisis secara deskriptif. Aktivitas enzim akan dianalisis berdasarkan absorbansi yang terukur pada spektrofotometer untuk mengetahui potensi enzim yang dihasilkan oleh jamur kayu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jamur yang ditemukan meliputi Agaricus placomyces, Baeospora myosura, dan Marasmius oreades. Sampel yang diperoleh 11 isolat. Isolat A6, A7, dan A11 memiliki aktivitas enzimatik tinggi, khususnya dalam pemecahan lignin, selulosa, dan hemiselulosa, yang berpotensi menyebabkan BPB pada kelapa sawit. Aktivitas enzim selulase, yang diukur dengan substrat CMC, menunjukkan isolat A6 memiliki nilai tertinggi (157,30 U/mL), diikuti A8 (151,75 U/mL), sementara A10 memiliki nilai terendah (20,58 U/mL). Pada substrat Avicel untuk mengukur hemiselulase, isolat A10 menunjukkan nilai tertinggi (108,67 U/mL). Untuk ligninase yang diukur dengan substrat tannin, isolat A4 menunjukkan aktivitas tertinggi (59,89 U/mL), dan A10 memiliki nilai terendah (2,42 U/mL). Secara keseluruhan, hasil ini menunjukkan variasi yang signifikan dalam aktivitas enzim antara berbagai isolat, yang kemungkinan mencerminkan perbedaan kemampuan enzimatik dalam memecah substrat tertentu. Isolat A9 dan A10 juga menunjukkan degradasi tinggi pada kayu sengon, yang relevan dengan kerusakan tanaman kelapa sawit. Penelitian lebih lanjut perlu dilakukan untuk memahami faktor yang mempengaruhi pertumbuhan koloni jamur dan dinamika infeksi di perkebunan sawit.
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Wood Rot Disease (BPB) in oil palm in Indonesia, particularly in North Sumatra, Riau, and Lampung, results in significant losses with attacks reaching 20%-30%, reducing the number of Fresh Fruit Bunches (FFB) and yield. Wood fungi, frequently identified as the cause of BPB, produce enzymes that break down key components of plant cell walls, such as cellulose and lignin, allowing the fungi to act as pathogens. This study aims to identify wood fungi present in oil palm plants in Banyuasin, South Sumatra, and to test their growth abilities on various types of wood and enzyme potential (ligninase, cellulase, and hemicellulase). The research methods consist of isolation using an exploration method, morphological identification, and enzyme potential tests (cellulase, hemicellulase, and ligninase). Wood fungus isolation used Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) media. Fungal morphology was identified macroscopically and microscopically. The data obtained from fungal morphology observations, fungal growth on wood, and enzyme activity were analyzed descriptively. Enzyme activity was analyzed based on absorbance measured with a spectrophotometer to determine the enzyme potential produced by wood fungi. The results showed that the fungi found include Agaricus placomyces, Baeospora myosura, and Marasmius oreades. A total of 11 isolates were obtained. Isolates A6, A7, and A11 showed high enzymatic activity, particularly in breaking down lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose, which potentially causes BPB in oil palms. The cellulase enzyme activity, measured with CMC substrate, indicated that isolate A6 had the highest value (157.30 U/mL), followed by A8 (151.75 U/mL), while A10 had the lowest value (20.58 U/mL). Using Avicel substrate to measure hemicellulase, isolate A10 showed the highest value (108.67 U/mL). For ligninase measured with tannin substrate, isolate A4 had the highest activity (59.89 U/mL), and A10 had the lowest (2.42 U/mL). Overall, these results show significant variations in enzyme activity between different isolates, reflecting differences in their enzymatic abilities to break down specific substrates. Isolates A9 and A10 also showed high degradation on sengon wood, relevant to oil palm damage. Further research is needed to understand the factors influencing fungal colony growth and infection dynamics in oil palm plantations.

Item Type:	Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Identifikasi, Jamur Kayu, Kelapa Sawit, Potensi Enzim
Subjects:	Q Science Q Science > QH Biology > QH91.8.S64 Species diversity
Divisions:	Faculty of Science and Data Analytics (SCIENTICS) > Biology > 46101-(S2) Master Thesis
Depositing User:	Mutiara Arieny
Date Deposited:	06 Feb 2025 08:51
Last Modified:	06 Feb 2025 08:51
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/118478

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