Ananta, Pramudya and Damsuki, Surya Ramahdani (2025) Desain Pabrik Garam Farmasi dari Garam Rakyat K-1 dengan Metode Membran Reverse Osmosis. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Garam merupakan istilah umum yang digunakan untuk senyawa kimia dengan nama natrium klorida, yang mana saat ini merupakan salah satu kebutuhan atau komoditas negara Indonesia dengan beragam pemanfaatan dalam kehidupan masyarakat. Saat ini, garam farmasi yang digunakan dalam proses produksi oleh industri farmasi di Indonesia masih sangat bergantung pada komoditas garam farmasi yang didapatkan dari luar negeri, yang mana hampir 95% bahan baku obat (BBO) didapatkan melalui impor. Garam farmasi nantinya akan digunakan sebagai bahan utama cairan infus, pembersih darah, obat kapsul, pelarut vaksin, sirup, oralit, dan minuman kesehatan. Dengan didirikannya pabrik garam farmasi baru, kebutuhan garam farmasi di Indonesia akan terpenuhi sekaligus memanfaatkan garam rakyat berkualitas K-1 sebagai bahan baku yang ketersediaannya cukup melimpah di Indonesia. Pabrik akan didirikan di Kabupaten Gresik dengan kapasitas produksi garam farmasi sebesar 2500 ton/tahun. Pabrik akan beroperasi selama 24 jam dalam satu hari dan 330 hari dalam satu tahun. Proses yang digunakan pada produksi garam farmasi yakni membran reverse osmosis yang diawali dengan proses pelarutan garam rakyat K-1. Selanjutnya, dilakukan pemisahan larutan garam dengan insoluble menggunakan centrifuge. Proses berikutnya yakni proses pemisahan impurities menggunakan membran nanofiltrasi dan membran reverse osmosis, yang mana pada membran nanofiltrasi akan memisahkan ion-ion bivalen seperti Ca, Mg, K, dan SO4 sedangkan membran reverse osmosis akan mengurangi kandungan air dari larutan garam atau brine. Larutan kemudian akan diumpankan menuju Circulating Magma Vacuum Crystallizer untuk melakukan proses kristalisasi. Kristal yang terbentuk nantinya akan disalurkan menuju unit pengeringan dan pengendalian produk, meliputi rotary dryer dan ball mill crusher sehingga didapatkan garam farmasi dengan kandungan NaCl >99% berukuran 50 mesh. Diperlukan total modal tetap (FCI) sebesar Rp105.208.930.856; Modal kerja (WCI) sebesar Rp18.566.281.916; Modal total (TCI) sebesar Rp123.775.212.771; Biaya produksi per tahun (TPC) sebesar Rp41.443.313.328. Dengan estimasi penjualan per tahun sebesar Rp75.000.000.000 akan diperoleh nilai IRR 17,27%; Waktu pengembalian modal (POT) 5,39 tahun; dan NPV positif sebesar Rp34.966.090.889 yang menunjukkan bahwa pabrik garam farmasi ini layak untuk didirikan.
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Salt is a general term used for the chemical compound known as sodium chloride, which is currently one of the needs or commodities of Indonesia with various uses in people's lives. Currently, the pharmaceutical salt used in the production process by the pharmaceutical industry in Indonesia still heavily relies on pharmaceutical salt commodities obtained from abroad, with almost 95% of raw materials for drugs (BBO) sourced through imports. Pharmaceutical salt will later be used as the main ingredient in infusion fluids, blood cleansers, capsule medications, vaccine solvents, syrups, oral rehydration salts, and health drinks. By establishing new pharmaceutical salt factory, the demand for pharmaceutical salt in Indonesia will be met while also utilizing the abundant K-1 quality salt from the people as the raw material. The factory will be established in Gresik Regency with a production capacity of 2,500 tons/year of pharmaceutical salt. The factory will operate for 24 hours a day and 330 days a year. The process used in the production of pharmaceutical salt is a reverse osmosis membrane, which begins with the dissolution of K-1 common salt. Next, the separation of the salt solution from the insoluble substances is carried out using a centrifuge. The next process is the separation of impurities using nanofiltration membranes and reverse osmosis membranes, where the nanofiltration membrane will separate bivalent ions such as Ca, Mg, K, and SO4, while the reverse osmosis membrane will reduce the water content of the salt solution or brine. The solution will then be fed into the Circulating Magma Vacuum Crystallizer to undergo the crystallization process. The crystals that are formed will later be channeled to the drying and product control unit, including a rotary dryer and ball mill crusher, resulting in pharmaceutical salt with a NaCl content of >99% and a size of 50 mesh. This pharmaceutical salt plant has a production capacity of 2,500 tons/year with an operational time of 330 working days. A total fixed capital investment (FCI) of Rp105.208.930.856 is required; working capital (WCI) of Rp18.566.281.916; and total capital investment (TCI) of Rp123.775.212.771. The annual production cost (TPC) is Rp41.443.313.328. With an estimated annual sales revenue of Rp75.000.000.000, the project will yield an IRR of 17,27%, a payback period (POT) of 5,39 years, and a positive NPV of Rp34.966.090.889, indicating that this pharmaceutical salt plant is feasible to establish.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Other) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | garam, garam farmasi, kristalisasi, reverse osmosis, salt, pharmaceutical salt, crystallization, reverse osmosis |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP155.5 Chemical plants--Design and construction |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Chemical Engineering > 24201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Pramudya Ananta |
| Date Deposited: | 16 Jul 2025 01:26 |
| Last Modified: | 16 Jul 2025 01:26 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/119829 |
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