Pra-Desain Pabrik Biodiesel dari Mikroalga

Sari, Adelia Melita and Nurrohim, Habib (2025) Pra-Desain Pabrik Biodiesel dari Mikroalga. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Biofuels atau Bahan Bakar Nabati (BBN), dianggap sebagai alternatif yang potensial untuk menggantikan Bahan Bakar Minyak (BBM). Pabrik biodiesel dari mikroalga dirancang melalui proses esterifikasi dan transesterifikasi dengan metode Lurgi untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pasar biodiesel yang meningkat setiap tahunnya dengan kapasitas 100.000 kL/tahun. Bahan baku yang digunakan dalam pembuatan pabrik biodiesel adalah mikroalga Chlorella vulgaris yang dikultivasikan sendiri dengan metode Flat Plate Photobioreactor. Pabrik ini direncanakan akan dibangun di Kota Bontang, Kalimantan Timur setelah mempertimbangkan beberapa aspek yaitu ketersediaan bahan baku, utilitas, lahan, dan akses serta transportasi yang mudah. Proses produksi biodiesel dari mikroalga dibagi menjadi 2 (dua) tahap proses utama, yaitu proses produksi minyak mikroalga dan proses produksi biodiesel. Proses produksi minyak mikroalga melalui proses ekstraksi dengan pelarut n-hexane. Sementara, proses esterifikasi menggunakan katalis H2SO4 dan proses transesterifikasi menggunakan katalis NaOH. Desain ini mencakup perancangan diagram alur proses (PFD), diagram instrumentasi dan perpipaan (P&ID) sederhana, studi bahaya dan operabilitas (HAZOP) awal, spesifikasi peralatan dan analisis ekonomi. Pabrik didesain dengan masa konstruksi selama 2 tahun dan estimasi masa ekonomis pabrik selama 15 tahun. Berdasarkan studi kelayakan yang dilakukan, pabrik ini layak untuk didirikan karena mempunyai proyeksi tingkat pengembalian internal (IRR) sebesar 12,91%, net present value sebesar Rp2.296.063.930.982, dan diperkirakan memerlukan waktu selama 13 tahun hingga dapat mengembalikan investasi awal.
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Biofuels are considered as a potential alternative to replace fuel oil. The biodiesel plant from microalgae is designed through esterification and transesterification processes with the Lurgi method to meet the needs of the biodiesel market which increases every year with a capacity of 100,000 kL/year. The raw material used in the production of biodiesel plant is microalgae Chlorella vulgaris which is self-cultivated by Flat Plate Photobioreactor method. The plant is planned to be located in Bontang City, East Kalimantan after considering several aspects, such as the availability of raw materials, utilities, land, and easy access and transportation. The biodiesel production process from microalgae is divided into 2 (two) main process stages, which are the microalgae oil production process and the biodiesel production process. The microalgae oil production process uses an extraction process with n-hexane solvent. Meanwhile, the esterification process uses H2SO4 catalyst and the transesterification process uses NaOH catalyst. The design includes designing process flow diagram (PFD), simple piping and instrumentation diagram (P&ID), preliminary hazard and operability study (HAZOP), equipment specification and economic analysis. The plant is designed with a construction period of 2 years and an estimated economic life of the plant of 15 years. Based on the feasibility study conducted, this plant is feasible to build because it has a projected internal rate of return (IRR) of 12,91%, a net present value of Rp2.296.063.930.982, and is estimated to take 13 years to recover the initial investment.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Biodiesel, Esterifikasi, Mikroalga, Transesterifikasi Esterification, Microalgae, Transesterification
Subjects:	T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP155.5 Chemical plants--Design and construction
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology > Chemical Engineering > 24201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Adelia Melita Sari
Date Deposited:	18 Jul 2025 02:50
Last Modified:	18 Jul 2025 02:50
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/119987

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