Puspa, Fadilla Azzahrani (2025) Studi Kemampuan Surface-Modified Membranes Untuk Mereduksi Kandungan Obat Pada Air. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Kontaminasi Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) di lingkungan telah menjadi masalah global yang memerlukan penanganan serius. Teknologi membran berbasis polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) menjadi alternatif yang efektif dalam mereduksi nanopartikel dalam air. PVDF dengan modifikasi fisik berpolimer zwitterion melalui surface coating menunjukkan potensi efektif untuk mereduksi beta-blocker seperti atenolol dan bisoprolol dalam air limbah. Penelitian sebelumnya telah menemukan membran PVDf termodifikasi zwitterion yang hanya diujikan pada air terkontaminasi tumpahan minyak bumi dan belum terdapat evaluasi karakteristik permukaan membran termodifikasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi karakteristik permukaan membran termodifikasi, mengevaluasi kemampuan dan efisiensi rejeksi, serta menganalisis pengaruh variasi massa zat pelapis terhadap kinerja membran yaitu nilai rejeksi dan fluks air membran. Modifikasi permukaan membran PVDF terdiri dari beberapa tahapan, yaitu fabrikasi zwitterion mencakup sistesis zwitterion dan pembuatan larutan nanopartikel DEETA. Polyamide N,N-Diethylethylenediamine (DEETA) sebagai bahan utama zwitterion. Selanjutnya dilakukan pelapisan membran menggunakan metode immersion dan analisis karakterisasi permukaan membran termodifikasi dengan parameter uji FE-SEM, FTIR, uji sudut kontak, analisis distribusi pori, analisis densitas membran, dan analisis penyerapan air membran. Kinerja membran di evaluasi melalui aliran (fluks) dan selektivitas (rejeksi) dengan reaktor pressure filtration system bertekanan 6 kg/cm2. Modifikasi zwitterion pada permukaan membran PVDF menghasilkan perubahan morfologi permukaan berupa ukuran pori yang lebih kecil, seragam, dan teratur, kekasaran, dan ikatan antar unsur dibanding membran PVDF murni. Ikatan SO₃⁻ yang terbentuk menunjukkan interaksi antara membran PVDF dengan nanopartikel zwitterion. Membran yang telah termodifikasi zwitterion juga menunjukkan sifat anti-fouling dan tingkat penyisihan yang lebih baik dengan nilai rejeksi larutan bisoprolol sebesar 91,32% dan larutan atenolol sebesar 92,21%. Membran termodifikasi menunjukkan stabilitas rejeksi yang baik karena jaringan crosslinked TA-Zwitterion. Modifikasi zwitterion menyebabkan nilai fluks membran tinggi yaitu larutan bisoprolol sebesar 6253,15 (M-T3) dan larutan atenolol sebesar 5703,43 (M-T3). Hal tersebut disebabkan hidrofilisitas membran dengan hasil M-00 < M-T0 < M-T1 dan M-T3. Daya tarik kuat antara permukaan membran dan molekul polar air menyebabkan air lebih mudah melewati membran dan meningkatkan nilai fluks serta resisten terhadap fouling. Penurunan nilai rejeksi dan fluks pada variasi membran termodifikasi disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor seperti fouling, tekanan operasi tinggi, serta struktur fisik membran (swelling) saat konsentrasi tinggi.
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The contamination spread of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs) in the environment has become a highly concerning global issue. Membrane technology based on polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) serves as an effective alternative for reducing nanoparticles in water. PVDF with physical modification using zwitterion polymer through surface coating demonstrates effective potential for reducing beta-blockers such as atenolol and bisoprolol in wastewater. Previous research has found zwitterion-modified PVDF membranes that were only tested on oil spill-contaminated water, with no evaluation of the modified membrane surface characteristics. This research aims to identify the characteristics of modified membrane surfaces, evaluate rejection capability and efficiency, and analyze the influence of coating material mass variation on membrane performance, specifically rejection values and membrane water flux. PVDF membrane surface modification consists of several stages: zwitterion fabrication including zwitterion synthesis and DEETA nanoparticle solution preparation. Polyamide N,N-Diethylethylenediamine (DEETA) serves as the primary zwitterion material. Subsequently, membrane coating is performed using the immersion method and characterization analysis of the modified membrane surface with test parameters including FE-SEM, FTIR, contact angle measurement, pore distribution analysis, membrane density analysis, and membrane water absorption analysis. Membrane performance is evaluated through flux and selectivity (rejection) using a pressure filtration system reactor at 6 kg/cm². Zwitterion modification on PVDF membrane surfaces results in surface morphological changes including smaller, more uniform and regular pore sizes, roughness, and inter-elemental bonding compared to pristine PVDF membranes. The SO₃⁻ bonds formed indicate interaction between the PVDF membrane and zwitterion nanoparticles. Zwitterion-modified membranes also demonstrate anti-fouling properties and better removal efficiency with rejection values of 91.32% for bisoprolol solution and 92.21% for atenolol solution. The modified membranes show good rejection stability due to the crosslinked TA-Zwitterion network. Zwitterion modification results in high membrane flux values of 6253.15 (M-T3) for bisoprolol solution and 5703.43 (M-T3) for atenolol solution. This is attributed to membrane hydrophilicity with results showing M-00 < M-T0 < M-T1 and M-T3. The strong attraction between the membrane surface and polar water molecules causes water to pass through the membrane more easily, increasing flux values and resistance to fouling. The decrease in rejection and flux values in modified membrane variations is caused by several factors such as fouling, high operating pressure, and physical membrane structure (swelling) at high concentrations.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Other) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | PVDF, Zwitterion, Filtrasi, Air Limbah, Beta-blocker, Filtration, Wastewater |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD430 Water--Purification. T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD433 Water treatment plants |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Environmental Engineering > 25201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Fadilla Azzahrani Puspa |
| Date Deposited: | 21 Jul 2025 07:03 |
| Last Modified: | 21 Jul 2025 07:03 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/120309 |
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