Syahputra, Muhamad Ruby (2025) Kemampuan Unit Koagulasi-Flokulasi untuk Menurunkan Total Fosfat dan COD dalam Pengolahan Air Sungai Menggunakan Koagulan Fe₂(SO₄)₃ dan Al₂(SO₄)₃. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Sungai berperan sebagai sumber daya air yang esensial dalam mendukung kebutuhan domestik, pertanian, dan industri. Akan tetapi, peningkatan beban pencemar yang berasal dari limbah domestik, industri, serta aktivitas pertanian telah menurunkan kualitas air sungai secara signifikan. Sungai Jagir, yang termasuk dalam Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) Brantas di Surabaya, menerima beban pencemar domestik mencapai 75,48 ton per hari. Kondisi ini menyebabkan tingginya konsentrasi Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) dan total fosfat yang memicu terjadinya eutrofikasi serta penurunan kadar oksigen terlarut dalam badan air. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas proses koagulasi-flokulasi menggunakan koagulan aluminium sulfat (Al₂(SO₄)₃) dan feri sulfat (Fe₂(SO₄)₃) pada variasi gradien kecepatan (701,48 detik⁻¹ dan 802,2 detik⁻¹) serta kondisi air baku musiman (musim hujan dan musim kemarau). Peneliti melaksanakan pengolahan air melalui uji jar test yang diikuti proses sedimentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Fe₂(SO₄)₃ pada gradien kecepatan 802,2 detik⁻¹ memberikan efisiensi penyisihan tertinggi, dengan penurunan COD sebesar 68,4% pada musim hujan dan 88,1% pada musim kemarau, serta penyisihan total fosfat hingga 96,77%. Analisis FTIR terhadap flok memperlihatkan bahwa Fe₂(SO₄)₃ lebih efektif dalam membentuk gugus fungsi yang mengikat fosfat dan senyawa organik dibanding Al₂(SO₄)₃, sehingga menunjukkan keunggulan teknis dalam membentuk flok yang lebih besar, padat, dan stabil. Tetapi dari aspek non-teknis terutama biaya, penggunaan Al₂(SO₄)₃ dinilai lebih efisien dibandingkan Fe₂(SO₄)₃. Perhitungan pengeluaran biaya dibandingkan dengan PDAM Ngagel, yang saat ini menggunakan koagulan PAC dosis rata-rata 70 mg/L, menunjukkan bahwa Al₂(SO₄)₃ memiliki potensi menurunkan biaya operasional koagulan secara signifikan.
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Rivers serve as essential water resources in supporting domestic, agricultural and industrial needs. However, increasing pollutant loads from domestic waste, industry, and agricultural activities have significantly degraded river water quality. Jagir River, which is included in the Brantas Watershed in Surabaya, receives a domestic pollutant load of 75.48 tons per day. This condition causes high concentrations of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and total phosphate that trigger eutrophication and a decrease in dissolved oxygen levels in water bodies. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the coagulation-flocculation process using aluminum sulfate (Al₂(SO₄)₃) and ferric sulfate (Fe₂(SO₄)₃) coagulants at various speed gradients (701,48 seconds-¹ and 802,2 seconds-¹) and seasonal raw water conditions (rainy season and dry season). Researchers carried out water treatment through a jar test followed by a sedimentation process. The results showed that Fe₂(SO₄)₃ at a velocity gradient of 802,2 s-¹ provided the highest removal efficiency, with a COD reduction of 68.4% in the rainy season and 88.1% in the dry season, and a total phosphate removal of up to 96.77%. FTIR analysis of the flocs showed that Fe₂(SO₄)₃ was more effective in forming functional groups that bind phosphate and organic compounds than Al₂(SO₄)₃, thus showing a technical advantage in forming larger, denser and more stable flocs. But from a non-technical aspect, especially cost, the use of Al₂(SO₄)₃ is considered more efficient than Fe₂(SO₄)₃. Calculation of cost expenditure compared to PDAM Ngagel, which currently uses an average PAC coagulant dose of 70 mg/L, shows that Al₂(SO₄)₃ has the potential to significantly reduce coagulant operational costs.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Koagulasi-Flokulasi, Chemical Oxygen Demand, Total Fosfat, Koagulan Fe₂(SO₄)₃ , Koagulan Al₂(SO₄)₃; Coagulation-Flocculation, Chemical Oxygen Demand, Total Phosphate, Coagulant Fe₂(SO₄)₃, Coagulant Al₂(SO₄)₃ |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD430 Water--Purification. T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD455 Chemical precipitation. Coagulation. Flocculation. Water--Purification--Flocculation. |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Environmental Engineering > 25101-(S2) Master Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Muhamad Ruby Syahputra |
| Date Deposited: | 21 Jul 2025 07:43 |
| Last Modified: | 21 Jul 2025 07:43 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/120330 |
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