Biokonversi Lumpur Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah dari Industri Makanan dan Minuman dengan Memanfaatkan Larva Black Soldier Fly

Ursada, Riang (2025) Biokonversi Lumpur Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah dari Industri Makanan dan Minuman dengan Memanfaatkan Larva Black Soldier Fly. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Industri menghasilkan air limbah yang perlu diolah untuk menghilangkan pencemar. Proses pengolahan menghasilkan lumpur yang harus dikelola agar tidak mencemari lingkungan. Lumpur industri makanan dan minuman mengandung bahan organik dan unsur hara yang berpotensi menjadi biomassa. Larva Black Soldier Fly (BSF) bisa mengubahnya menjadi protein berkualitas tinggi bila dicampur sampah makanan. Faktor seperti pH, kadar air, feeding rate, komposisi substrat, dan feeding frequency memengaruhi pertumbuhan BSF. Asam amino meningkatkan kandungan protein larva BSF. Penelitian ini menganalisis efek feeding rate, komposisi substrat, feeding frequency, dan penambahan asam amino dalam biokonversi lumpur limbah industri makanan dan minuman. Lumpur berasal dari industri pengolahan krimer (filter press, screw press) dan susu (belt press), dicampur sampah makanan (buah, sayur, protein hewani) dengan rasio berat kering (BK) 60:20:20, 60:10:30, 40:30:30, 40:20:40, 40:10:50, 50:25:25, 50:20:30, 50:10:40, dan 70:15:15. Feeding rate digunakan adalah 10, 15, dan 20 mg BK/larva/hari. Feeding frequency digunakan adalah sehari sekali, dua hari sekali, dan tiga hari sekali. Dilakukan perbandingan pada substrat yang diberi penambahan asam amino. Kadar air 65-70%, pH 6,5-7. Reaktor toples 9 cm (laboratorium) dan kontainer 28x34x13 cm (pilot). Sampel larva dan prapupa diuji ukuran, pertumbuhan, reduksi sampah, dan kandungan nutrisi (protein, lemak, karbohidrat). Variasi optimum diperoleh pada laju pemberian pakan sebesar 20 mg BK/larva/hari dengan komposisi substrat terdiri atas 60% lumpur filter press, 20% sampah buah dan sayur, serta 20% limbah kepala ikan. Pada variasi ini, diperoleh WRI sebesar 5,3–6,1% BK, reduksi sampah sebesar 63–73% BK, dan kandungan protein larva berkisar antara 8–15%. Frekuensi pemberian pakan yang optimal adalah satu kali per hari, yang menghasilkan bobot dan ukuran larva yang lebih seragam dibandingkan dengan frekuensi dua atau tiga hari sekali. Penambahan asam amino meningkatkan kandungan protein pada substrat tetapi tidak secara signifikan meningkatkan performa biokonversi lumpur oleh larva BSF. Sumber protein dari sampah kepala ikan masih lebih baik daripada dari single protein cells.
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Industry produces wastewater that needs to be treated to remove pollutants. The processing process produces sludge that must be managed so as not to damage the environment. Sludge from the food and beverage industry contains organic matter and nutrients that have the potential to become biomass. Black Soldier Fly (BSF) larvae can be converted into high-quality protein when mixed with food waste. Factors such as pH, water content, feeding rate, substrate composition, and feeding frequency affect BSF growth. Amino acids increase the protein content of BSF larvae. This study analyzed the effects of feeding rate, substrate composition, feeding frequency, and the addition of amino acids in the bioconversion of food and beverage industry waste sludge. Sludge comes from the creamer processing industry (filter press, screw press) and milk (belt press), mixed with food waste (fruit, vegetables, animal protein) with a dry weight ratio (DW) of 60:20:20, 60:10:30, 40:30:30, 40:20:40, 40:10:50, 50:25:25, 50:20:30, 50:10:40, and 70:15:15. The feeding rates applied in this study were 10, 15, and 20 mg DM/larva/day, while the feeding frequencies were once every day, once every two days, and once every three days. A comparison was made using substrates with the addition of amino acids. Water content 65-70%, pH 6.5-7. 9 cm topless reactor (laboratory) and 28x34x13 cm container (pilot). Larvae and prepupa samples were tested for size, growth, waste reduction, and nutrient content (protein, fat, carbohydrate). The optimal variation was obtained at a feeding rate of 20 mg DM/larva/day with a substrate composition of 60% filter press sludge, 20% fruit and vegetable waste, and 20% fish head waste. This variation resulted in a Waste Reduction Index (WRI) of 5.3–6.1% DM, a waste reduction rate of 63–73% DM, and larval protein content ranging from 8–15%. The optimal feeding frequency was once per day, which produced more uniform larval weight and size compared to feeding frequencies of once every two or three days. The addition of amino acids increased the protein content of the substrate but did not significantly improve the performance of sludge bioconversion by BSF larvae. The protein source from fish head waste is still better than from single protein cells.

Item Type:	Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Black Soldier Fly, Lumpur IPAL, Biokonversi, Industri Makanan dan Minuman, Black Soldier Fly, WWTP Sludge, Bioconversion, Food and Beverage Industry
Subjects:	T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD195.B56 Biomass energy
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Environmental Engineering > 25101-(S2) Master Thesis
Depositing User:	Riang Ursada
Date Deposited:	22 Jul 2025 02:52
Last Modified:	22 Jul 2025 02:52
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/120372

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