Pemanfaatan Karbon Hasil Pirolisis Ban Bekas Sebagai Adsorben Timbal (II)

Surya, Surya (2025) Pemanfaatan Karbon Hasil Pirolisis Ban Bekas Sebagai Adsorben Timbal (II). Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Ban bekas merupakan salah satu limbah yang terus menerus dihasilkan mengingat kebutuhan akan kendaraan bermotor yang terus meningkat. Di Indonesia, jumlah limbah ban bekas diperkirakan mencapai 11 juta ton per tahun. Salah satu jenis pengolahan yang dapat dilakukan terhadap ban bekas adalah dengan pirolisis. Jumlah karbon pada ban bekas berkisar antara 25-30%. Namun pemanfaatan karbon hasil pirolisis ban bekas saat ini belum dilakukan secara optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memanfaatkan karbon hasil pirolisis ban bekas sebagai adsorben logam berat. Efisiensi adsorpsi diuji terhadap ion Pb(II) yang merupakan salah satu parameter logam berat dalam air limbah. Karbon hasil pirolisis ban bekas diaktivasi menggunakan H₂SO₄ 98% dengan rasio impregnasi 1:1 w/w. Setelah impregnasi kimia, karbon tersebut dipanaskan dalam fluidized bed reactor pada suhu 600, 650, dan 700 °C selama 1 jam. Karbon aktif yang diaktivasi pada suhu 600 °C menghasilkan nilai luas permukaan spesifik paling tinggi yaitu 103,162 m²/g. Karakterisasi menggunakan FTIR menunjukkan keberadaan gugus fungsi –OH (3.400 cm⁻¹), C=C (1.500 cm⁻¹), dan C=O (1.700 cm⁻¹), sedangkan analisis morfologi menggunakan SEM menunjukkan struktur berpori dengan distribusi pori yang cukup merata, mendukung kapasitas adsorpsi terhadap ion logam. Efektivitas adsorpsi diuji pada variasi pH (3–7) dan konsentrasi awal Pb(II), dengan hasil optimum diperoleh pada pH 5 dan konsentrasi 30 mg/L. Data adsorpsi dianalisis menggunakan model isoterm Langmuir dan Freundlich, dan menunjukkan kecocokan dengan model Langmuir yang mengindikasikan permukaan adsorben yang homogen. Karbon aktif yang dihasilkan memiliki kadar air sesuai standar SNI 06-3730-1995, namun kadar abunya masih melebihi batas yang ditetapkan. Efisiensi adsorpsi karbon aktif dari ban bekas mencapai 96,32% dengan kapasitas adsorpsi 240,80 mg/g, lebih tinggi dibandingkan karbon aktif komersial sebesar 62,68% dengan kapasitas adsorpsi 151,366 mg/g.
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Scrap tires are one of the types of waste continuously generated due to the increasing demand for motor vehicles. In Indonesia, the volume of scrap tire waste is estimated to reach approximately 11 million tons per year. One method of processing scrap tires is through pyrolysis, which yields carbon, oil, and metal components. The carbon content in scrap tires ranges from 25–30%. However, the utilization of carbon derived from pyrolysis of scrap tires has not yet been optimized. This study aims to utilize carbon from pyrolyzed scrap tires as an adsorbent for heavy metals. The adsorption effectiveness was tested specifically on Pb(II) ions, which are one of the common heavy metal parameters found in wastewater. The carbon obtained from tire pyrolysis was activated using 98% H₂SO₄ with an impregnation ratio of 1:1 w/w. Following chemical impregnation, the carbon was heated in a fluidized bed reactor at temperatures of 600, 650, and 700 °C for 1 hour. The activated carbon produced at 600 °C exhibited the highest specific surface area, reaching 103.162 m²/g. FTIR characterization showed the presence of functional groups –OH (3400 cm⁻¹), C=C (1500 cm⁻¹), and C=O (1700 cm⁻¹), while SEM analysis revealed a porous structure with relatively uniform pore distribution, supporting its adsorption capacity. Adsorption tests were conducted at various pH levels (3–7) and initial Pb(II) concentrations, with the optimum results observed at pH 5 and 30 mg/L concentration. The adsorption data fit the Langmuir isotherm model, indicating a homogeneous adsorbent surface. The produced activated carbon met the moisture content requirements according to SNI 06-3730-1995, although its ash content exceeded the standard limit. The adsorption efficiency of activated carbon from used tires reached 96.32% with an adsorption capacity of 240.80 mg/g, higher than that of commercial activated carbon at 62.68% with an adsorption capacity of 151.366 mg/g.

Item Type:	Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Scrap Tire, Adsorption, Active Carbon, Pyrolisis, Sulfuric Acid; Ban Bekas, Adsorpsi, Karbon Aktif, Pirolisis, Asam Sulfat
Subjects:	T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD420 Water pollution T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD430 Water--Purification.
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Environmental Engineering > 25101-(S2) Master Thesis
Depositing User:	Surya Surya
Date Deposited:	22 Jul 2025 03:28
Last Modified:	22 Jul 2025 03:28
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/120449

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