Pratama, Putra Anugrah (2025) Pemodelan Jaringan Distribusi Multi Eselon dan Multi Moda dengan Mixed Integer Linear Programming pada Perusahaan Pupuk di Sumatra. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Distribusi pupuk di Indonesia menghadapi tantangan akibat kondisi geografis kepulauan dan keterbatasan infrastruktur, khususnya di wilayah Sumatra. Penelitian ini bertujuan membangun model pengambilan keputusan untuk perancangan jaringan distribusi yang optimal dengan mempertimbangkan struktur multi-eselon dan penggunaan moda transportasi multimoda. Studi kasus dilakukan pada perusahaan pupuk yang menggunakan skema Free on Truck (FOT), di mana pelanggan mengambil barang langsung dari gudang, namun rute distribusi hingga ke pelanggan tetap dimodelkan untuk mengevaluasi efisiensi sistem secara menyeluruh. Model jaringan dirancang dalam empat level eselon: pabrik, pelabuhan, gudang, dan pelanggan; dengan pendekatan Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) untuk meminimalkan total biaya distribusi. Komponen biaya yang diperhitungkan mencakup biaya tetap fasilitas, biaya transportasi multimoda, dan batasan kapasitas throughput tahunan. Model diimplementasikan menggunakan perangkat lunak LINGO 18.0 dan divalidasi dengan data eksisting perusahaan. Hasil skenario dasar menunjukkan bahwa 35 fasilitas (30 gudang dan 5 pelabuhan) dioperasikan dengan total biaya distribusi sebesar Rp160,78 miliar dan biaya FOT sebesar Rp74,85 miliar. Lokasi strategis seperti Medan, Padang, dan Lhokseumawe terbukti krusial dalam efisiensi distribusi. Analisis sensitivitas menunjukkan bahwa penghapusan batas maksimal biaya pengiriman langsung berdampak signifikan terhadap peningkatan beban biaya pelanggan, sementara kebijakan kapasitas dan permintaan sangat memengaruhi jumlah fasilitas yang diaktifkan. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi berupa model optimasi yang dapat digunakan sebagai alat bantu dalam pengambilan keputusan strategis distribusi pupuk, khususnya untuk menekan biaya, menentukan lokasi fasilitas optimal, serta merancang sistem logistik multimoda yang efisien dan adaptif di wilayah kepulauan.
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The distribution of fertilizers in Indonesia faces complex challenges due to the country's archipelagic geography and limited infrastructure, especially in the Sumatra region. This study aims to develop a decision-making model for designing an optimal distribution network by incorporating multi-echelon structures and multimodal transportation modes. A case study was conducted on a fertilizer company that applies a Free on Truck (FOT) scheme, where customers collect products directly from warehouses. However, the distribution routes to customers are still modeled to evaluate the overall system efficiency. The network is structured into four echelons—plants, ports, warehouses, and customers—and formulated using a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) approach to minimize total distribution costs. The cost components include facility fixed costs, multimodal transportation costs, and annual throughput capacity constraints. The model is implemented using LINGO 18.0 software and validated with the company’s existing distribution data. The base scenario results show that 35 facilities (30 warehouses and 5 ports) are activated, with a total distribution cost of IDR 160.78 billion and an FOT-related cost of IDR 74.85 billion. Strategic locations such as Medan, Padang, and Lhokseumawe play a critical role in distribution efficiency. Sensitivity analysis reveals that removing the maximum delivery cost limit significantly increases customer-side expenses, while policies related to capacity and demand heavily influence the number of active facilities. This research contributes an optimization model that serves as a strategic decision-support tool for fertilizer distribution management, particularly in reducing costs, determining optimal facility locations, and designing efficient and adaptive multimodal logistics systems in island regions.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Jaringan distribusi, Multi Moda, Free on Truck (FOT), Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP), Multi Eselon, Distribusi Pupuk,Distribution network, Multimodal logistics, Free on Truck (FOT), Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP), Fertilizer distribution. |
| Subjects: | H Social Sciences > HD Industries. Land use. Labor > HD38.5 Business logistics--Cost effectiveness. Supply chain management. ERP |
| Divisions: | Interdisciplinary School of Management and Technology (SIMT) > 61101-Master of Technology Management (MMT) |
| Depositing User: | Putra Anugrah Pratama |
| Date Deposited: | 22 Jul 2025 07:15 |
| Last Modified: | 22 Jul 2025 07:17 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/120513 |
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