Biokonversi Reject Product dari Indusri Food and Beverage (F&B) dengan Memanfaatkan Larva Black Soldier Fly (BSF)

Fitriana, Aulia Rodlia (2025) Biokonversi Reject Product dari Indusri Food and Beverage (F&B) dengan Memanfaatkan Larva Black Soldier Fly (BSF). Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Industri Food & Beverage (F&B) di Indonesia terus mengalami pertumbuhan signifikan setiap tahun dan menjadi kontributor utama terhadap Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB) sektor pengolahan dengan persentase mencapai 6,55% (2023). Dua perusahaan besar dalam industri ini, PT. Indolakto (produsen susu) dan PT. Lautan Natural Krimeriondo (LNK) (produsen krimer dan premiks), menghasilkan reject product yang memiliki kandungan nutrisi mirip dengan produk standar. Reject product ini berpotensi dimanfaatkan sebagai substrat pakan larva Black Soldier Fly (BSFL) melalui proses biokonversi. Efektivitas biokonversi dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor, termasuk komposisi substrat, feeding rate, kadar air, dan lainnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1 dan 2) menganalisis pengaruh komposisi pakan, feeding rate, dan frekuensi pemberian pakan terhadap pertumbuhan larva serta kandungan kimiawi larva dan prapupa; (3) mengevaluasi dampak penambahan sumber protein lain terhadap komposisi kimia larva dan prapupa. Substrat yang digunakan terdiri dari campuran sayur-buah (S), roti reject (R), dan reject product krimer (K). Penelitian dilakukan dalam tiga tahap: pendahuluan, utama I, dan utama II. Tahap pendahuluan meliputi pemetaan, karakterisasi substrat, dan uji coba komposisi untuk menentukan rasio optimal (K:S:R), yaitu 5:2,5:2,5; 5:2:3; 5:2:4; 6:2:2; 6:1:3; 4:3:3; 4:2:4; dan 4:1:5. Pada tahap utama I, dilakukan pengujian variabel komposisi substrat (hasil optimal tahap pendahuluan), feeding rate (20, 25, dan 30 mg/larva/hari), dan frekuensi pemberian pakan (1x/hari, 1x/2 hari, dan 1x/3 hari), serta karakterisasi produk (larva, prapupa, dan frass). Tahap utama II melibatkan penambahan sumber protein alternatif (protam ternak dan rice bran) pada rasio K:S:R 4:3:3 dengan feeding rate 30 mg/larva/hari dan frekuensi pemberian 1x/hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa komposisi optimal substrat adalah K:S:R 4:3:3 dengan feeding rate 30 mg/larva/hari dan frekuensi pemberian 1x/hari. Larva yang dihasilkan mengandung karbohidrat (4,0±0,07%), protein (21,05±0,27%), dan lemak (46,6±0,72%), sedangkan prapupa mengandung karbohidrat (3,7±1,18%), protein (37,35±2,93%), dan lemak (39,6±2,36%). Penambahan sumber protein lain meningkatkan pertumbuhan larva dan kadar protein biomassa. Peningkatan berat larva mencapai 7,50% (reaktor protam) dan 32,49% (reaktor rice bran), dengan kenaikan protein larva dan prapupa sebesar 113–157% dan 78–93%. Temuan ini menunjukkan potensi pemanfaatan reject product industri F&B sebagai substrat pakan BSFL untuk menghasilkan biomassa bernutrisi tinggi.
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The Food & Beverage (F&B) industry in Indonesia continues to experience significant growth every year and is a major contributor to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the manufacturing sector with a percentage reaching 6.55% (2023). Two major companies in this industry, PT Indolakto (milk producer) and PT Lautan Natural Krimeriondo (LNK) (creamer and premix producer), produce reject products that have similar nutritional content to standard products. This reject product has the potential to be utilized as a feed substrate for Black Soldier Fly (BSFL) larvae through a bioconversion process. The effectiveness of bioconversion is influenced by various factors, including substrate composition, feeding rate, moisture content, and others. This study aims to: (1 and 2) analyze the effect of feed composition, feeding rate, and feeding frequency on larval growth and chemical content of larvae and prepupae; (3) evaluate the impact of adding other protein sources on the chemical composition of larvae and prepupae. The substrates used consisted of vegetable-fruit mixture (S), reject bread (R), and reject creamer product (K). The research was conducted in three stages: preliminary, main I, and main II. The preliminary stage included mapping, substrate characterization, and composition trials to determine the optimal ratio (K:S:R), namely 5:2,5:2.5; 5:2:3; 5:2:4; 6:2:2; 6:1:3; 4:3:3; 4:2:4; and 4:1:5. In main stage I, the variables of substrate composition (optimal results of the preliminary stage), feeding rate (20, 25, and 30 mg/larvae/day), and feeding frequency (1x/day, 1x/2 days, and 1x/3 days) were tested, as well as product characterization (larvae, prepupae, and frass). The main phase II involved the addition of alternative protein sources (livestock protam and rice bran) at a ratio of K:S:R 4:3:3 with a feeding rate of 30 mg/larvae/day and a feeding frequency of 1x/day. The results showed that the optimal composition of the substrate was K:S:R 4:3:3 with a feeding rate of 30 mg/larva/day and a feeding frequency of 1x/day. The resulting larvae contained carbohydrates (4.0±0.07%), protein (21.05±0.27%), and fat (46.6±0.72%), while prepupae contained carbohydrates (3.7±1.18%), protein (37.35±2.93%), and fat (39.6±2.36%). The addition of other protein sources increased larval growth and biomass protein content. The increase in larval weight reached 7.50% (protam reactor) and 32.49% (rice bran reactor), with an increase in larval and prepupae protein of 113-157% and 78-93%, respectively. These findings demonstrate the potential of utilizing F&B industry reject products as feed substrates for BSFL to produce highly nutritious biomass.

Item Type:	Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	biokonversi, Black Soldier Fly, karakteristik larva dan prapupa, reduksi sampah, reject product, bioconversion, larval and prepupae characteristics, reject product, waste reduction
Subjects:	T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD195.B56 Biomass energy
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Environmental Engineering > 25101-(S2) Master Thesis
Depositing User:	Aulia Rodlia Fitriana
Date Deposited:	22 Jul 2025 07:43
Last Modified:	22 Jul 2025 07:43
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/120544

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