Rancang Bangun Butler Matrix 4x4 Untuk Beamforming Pada Antena Array Linear

Arafah, Muhammad Daffa Akbar (2025) Rancang Bangun Butler Matrix 4x4 Untuk Beamforming Pada Antena Array Linear. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang dan merealisasikan jaringan Butler Matrix 4×4 sebagai sistem pembagi fasa untuk aplikasi beamforming dengan antena array linear pada frekuensi kerja 3,5 GHz. Desain dilakukan menggunakan perangkat lunak CST Studio Suite dengan parameter substrat FR-4 dan mengintegrasikan komponen seperti 90° hybrid coupler, crossover, dan phase shifter. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa jaringan Butler Matrix mampu menghasilkan pembagian fasa antar port output dengan rata-rata perbedaan fasa sebesar 30°, 147°, 117°, dan 61° untuk masing-masing port input, yang mencerminkan pola distribusi fasa yang bervariasi sesuai dengan prinsip dasar beamforming. Proses fabrikasi dan pengukuran dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi performa jaringan dalam kondisi nyata. Hasil pengukuran menunjukkan keberadaan perbedaan nilai magnitude dan fasa dibandingkan hasil simulasi, namun arah utama pancaran (main lobe) dari pola radiasi antena array tetap menunjukkan konsistensi dengan arah eksitasi yang diberikan. Hasil uji menunjukkan bahwa sistem ini dapat menghasilkan pergeseran arah pancaran utama sesuai urutan port input dengan deviasi sudut antara 7° hingga 26°, dan perbedaan gain antara 27 hingga 32 dB dibandingkan simulasi. Perbedaan tersebut disebabkan oleh faktor seperti ketidaksempurnaan fabrikasi, rugi-rugi transmisi, dan ketidaksesuaian panjang kabel terhadap panjang gelombang ideal yang berdampak pada pergeseran fasa. Dengan demikian, integrasi antara Butler Matrix 4×4 dan antena array linear terbukti dapat menghasilkan beamforming yang efektif, meskipun tetap diperlukan optimasi pada aspek fabrikasi dan pengukuran agar performa mendekati hasil simulasi.
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This study discusses the design and implementation of a 4×4 Butler Matrix network integrated with a 4×1 linear antenna array for beamforming applications at a working frequency of 3.5 GHz. The Butler Matrix was designed and simulated using CST Studio Suite, followed by fabrication and experimental measurements. Four excitation ports were tested to observe the distribution of power and phase shifts to the antenna elements. The measurement results showed that the phase differences between output ports for each input were approximately 31°, 147°, 117°, and 61°, respectively deviating from the ideal theoretical values of ±90°, ±45°, and 0°, but still forming directional beams.Each input port of the Butler Matrix successfully produced a different main lobe direction, consistent with beam steering functionality. The integration between the Butler Matrix and antenna array was verified through both simulation and measurement of the radiation pattern. While the measured gain and beam direction showed deviations from simulation results due to fabrication imperfections, cable length mismatches, and measurement environment effects, the main lobes still formed on expected sectors, demonstrating that the phase distribution from the Butler Matrix was effectively translated into directional radiation.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Butler matrix, Beamforming, Antena array linear, Pola Radiasi, Butler matrix, Beamforming, Antena array linear, Radiation Pattern
Subjects:	T Technology > T Technology (General) T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) > TA174 Computer-aided design. T Technology > TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering > TK5102.9 Signal processing. T Technology > TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering > TK7871.6 Antennas (Electronics) T Technology > TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering > TK5101 Telecommunication
Divisions:	Faculty of Intelligent Electrical and Informatics Technology (ELECTICS) > Electrical Engineering > 20201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Muhammad Daffa Akbar Arafah
Date Deposited:	23 Jul 2025 03:49
Last Modified:	23 Jul 2025 03:49
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/120727

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