Penyusunan ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance) Risk Dan Integrasi ke Kerangka Manajemen Risiko Berbasis Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) Pada Perbaikan Proses Produksi Feronikel

Wibowo, Chandra Aryo Wibowo (2025) Penyusunan ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance) Risk Dan Integrasi ke Kerangka Manajemen Risiko Berbasis Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) Pada Perbaikan Proses Produksi Feronikel. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara dengan cadangan nikel terbesar di dunia, menjadikannya pemain strategis dalam rantai pasok global khususnya dalam industri baterai kendaraan listrik. Indonesia memiliki 23% cadangan nikel dunia dan kebijakan hilirisasi yang agresif, nikel kini menjadi komoditas utama untuk mempercepat transisi energi dan mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi nasional. Salah satu produk hilirisasi utama adalah feronikel, bahan baku penting baterai NMC yang digunakan secara luas dalam kendaraan listrik. Namun, proses produksi feronikel secara konvensional menghasilkan emisi karbon yang tinggi, mencapai 12,6 ton CO₂-eq per ton produk. Inovasi proses produksi berbasis gas NH₃ sebagai reduktor alternatif menunjukkan potensi penurunan emisi karbon secara signifikan dan memberikan nilai keekonomian yang menjanjikan. Meskipun demikian, penggunaan NH₃ menghadirkan risiko toksikologis, lingkungan, sosial, serta tata kelola yang tidak dapat diabaikan.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan identifikasi dan penilaian risiko secara menyeluruh terhadap proses produksi feronikel berbasis NH₃, dengan pendekatan terpadu antara ESG Risk Assessment dan Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA). Proses analisis difokuskan pada tiga tahapan utama produksi, yakni Rotary Dryer, Rotary Kiln, dan Electric Furnace. Hasil ESG Risk Assessment menunjukkan bahwa setiap tahapan mengandung risiko signifikan, dengan dominasi pada aspek lingkungan, seperti potensi emisi NOₓ, kontaminasi air, dan kebocoran gas NH₃. Selain itu, evaluasi risiko operasional berhasil mengidentifikasi total 83 risiko yang tersebar merata pada setiap tahapan produksi, yang diklasifikasikan dalam kategori input, proses, dan output.
Integrasi kedua pendekatan tersebut menghasilkan 117 risiko teridentifikasi yang dianalisis menggunakan metode FMEA untuk memperoleh nilai Risk Priority Number (RPN). Lebih dari 60% risiko tergolong dalam kategori extreme, menandakan kebutuhan mendesak terhadap strategi mitigasi yang efektif. Strategi mitigasi didominasi oleh pendekatan avoide (92,8%), disusul oleh transfer (4,8%) dan mitigate (2,4%). Sebagai kontribusi aplikatif, penelitian ini mengembangkan sebuah Dashboard manajemen risiko berbasis digital yang terintegrasi dengan teknologi Artificial Intelligence (AI) dan Google Script untuk mendukung efektivitas pemantauan risiko, transparansi, serta pengambilan keputusan yang lebih cepat dan efisien.
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Indonesia holds a strategic position in the global supply chain as one of the countries with the largest nickel reserves, accounting for approximately 23% of the world’s total. This endowment, combined with the government's aggressive downstream policy, has elevated nickel into a key commodity for accelerating the energy transition and boosting national economic growth. A significant downstream product is ferronickel, a critical raw material for
the widely used Nickel-Manganese-Cobalt (NMC) batteries in electric vehicles. However, conventional ferronickel production processes generate high levels of carbon emissions, reaching up to 12.6 tons of CO₂-equivalent per ton of product. To address this environmental challenge, the use of ammonia (NH₃) gas as an alternative reducing agent has emerged as a promising innovation. This approach not only offers substantial potential for carbon emission
reduction but also enhances economic feasibility. Nevertheless, the application of NH₃ introduces a complex array of toxicological, environmental, social, and governance-related risks that must be carefully managed.
This study aims to comprehensively identify and evaluate the risks associated with ferronickel production utilizing NH₃, employing an integrated framework that combines Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) Risk Assessment with Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA). The analysis focuses on three key stages of the production process: Rotary Dryer, Rotary Kiln, and Electric Furnace. ESG risk assessments reveal significant risk levels across all stages, particularly concerning environmental aspects such as NOₓ emissions, potential water contamination, and NH₃ leakage. Furthermore, operational risk analysis
identified a total of 83 specific risks distributed across the input, process, and output components of the production system.By integrating the ESG and FMEA approaches, the study identified 117 distinct risks, which were further analyzed to calculate their Risk Priority Numbers (RPNs). The results
indicate that more than 60% of these risks fall into the 'extreme' category, underscoring the urgent need for robust mitigation strategies. The majority of mitigation actions proposed involve avoidance measures (92.8%), followed by risk transfer (4.8%) and mitigation efforts (2.4%). As a practical contribution, the study also developed a digital risk management Dashboard, powered by Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Google Script technology, to support
real-time monitoring, enhance transparency, and enable faster and more informed decisionmaking processes.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	ESG (Environmental Social Governance), Failure Mode and Effect Analysis, Manajemen Risiko, Produksi Nikel, ESG (Environmental Social Governance),Failure Mode and Effect Analysis, Risk Management, Nickel Production
Subjects:	H Social Sciences > HD Industries. Land use. Labor > HD61 Risk Management
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology > Industrial Engineering > 26201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Chandra Aryo Wibowo
Date Deposited:	23 Jul 2025 01:07
Last Modified:	23 Jul 2025 01:07
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/120776

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