Wulan, Dyah Puspita Indah Budi Sari (2025) Pengembangan Model Simulasi Diskrit Untuk Meminimalkan Dwelling Time Petikemas, Studi Kasus : PT X Di Pelabuhan Tanjung Perak Surabaya. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Masa inap petikemas impor di terminal petikemas menjadi tantangan utama dalam efisiensi logistik nasional, khususnya di PT X yang beroperasi di Pelabuhan Tanjung Perak, Surabaya. Pemerintah telah menetapkan batas masa inap maksimal selama 3 hari, namun kenyataannya batas ini belum dapat dicapai. Salah satu penyebab utamanya adalah proses clearance yang menyumbang sekitar 47% dari total masa inap, yang berimplikasi pada peningkatan biaya logistik impor hingga 14,29%. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi strategi penggunaan lapangan penumpukan dalam rangka mengurangi waktu dwelling time dan meningkatkan efisiensi operasional terminal. Dua strategi utama dianalisis, yaitu exclusive area (satu blok untuk satu armada) dan buffer area (satu blok untuk multi armada), dengan pendekatan simulasi kejadian diskrit. Kinerja dianalisis berdasarkan beberapa metrik operasional: berth throughput, yard throughput, delivery throughput, utilisasi container crane (CC), rubber tyred gantry (RTG), okupansi lapangan penumpukan (LP), dan dwelling time. Penelitian ini mengkaji tiga skenario utama (penempatan exclusive area pada blok A1, B2, dan C1) dengan tiga variasi alokasi kapasitas (10%, 20%, dan 30%). Hasil simulasi dianalisis menggunakan uji Kruskal-Wallis untuk mendeteksi perbedaan antar skenario, diikuti dengan uji Dunn untuk menentukan skenario optimal. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa penerapan exclusive area pada blok C1 dengan alokasi 30% mampu menurunkan dwelling time hingga 20% dibandingkan kondisi eksisting, serta menghasilkan utilisasi CC dan RTG yang lebih seimbang (30–45%). Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa penataan strategi lapangan penumpukan yang tepat dapat secara signifikan meningkatkan kinerja terminal petikemas dan mendukung efisiensi logistik nasional.
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The extended dwell time of imported containers at container terminals presents a major challenge to national logistics efficiency, particularly at PT X, which operates at Tanjung Perak Port, Surabaya. Although the government has set a maximum dwell time of three days, this target has yet to be consistently achieved. One of the primary contributing factors is the clearance process, which accounts for approximately 47% of the total dwell time, thereby contributing to the import logistics cost reaching 14.29%. This study aims to evaluate container yard allocation strategies to reduce dwell time and enhance terminal operational efficiency. Two main strategies are analyzed: the exclusive area (where one block is dedicated to a single shipping line) and the buffer area (where one block serves multiple shipping lines), using a discrete-event simulation approach. Operational performance is assessed based on several key metrics: berth throughput, yard throughput, delivery throughput, container crane (CC) utilization, rubber-tyred gantry (RTG) utilization, yard occupancy rate (LP), and dwell time. The research investigates three primary scenarios involving the placement of exclusive areas in blocks A1, B2, and C1, each with three allocation variations (10%, 20%, and 30% of the respective block's effective capacity). Simulation results were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test to identify statistically significant differences among scenarios, followed by Dunn’s post hoc test to determine the optimal configuration. Findings indicate that allocating 30% of block C1 as an exclusive area can reduce dwell time by up to 20% compared to the current condition, while maintaining moderate utilization levels for CC and RTG (between 30–45%). These results highlight that the implementation of an appropriate container yard allocation strategy can substantially improve terminal performance and contribute to enhanced efficiency in national logistics systems.
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