Kajian Dampak Emisi Udara Pada Proses Produksi Lambung Kapal Dengan Metode Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) Di PT X

Syahildah, Novia Eka Syahildah (2025) Kajian Dampak Emisi Udara Pada Proses Produksi Lambung Kapal Dengan Metode Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) Di PT X. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Industri galangan kapal merupakan industri jasa yang bergerak dalam bidang pembuatan dan perbaikan kapal. Industri ini memiliki peran penting dalam perekonomian nasional. Namun, aktivitas industri galangan kapal juga menghasilkan limbah, polutan, atau emisi gas yang dapat mencemari lingkungan. Sebagai salah satu konstruksi kapal terbesar di Indonesia, PT X memiliki Departemen Konstruksi Lambung yang berada di bawah Divisi Kapal Niaga yang berperan dalam proses pembuatan struktur utama kapal. Proses konstruksi lambung kapal melibatkan berbagai aktivitas seperti blasting, painting, marking, cutting, bending, fitting, dan welding. Proses tersebut menghasilkan gas rumah kaca dan gas buang yang berpotensi mencemari udara dan berdampak negatif terhadap lingkungan sekitar. Proses yang ada di lambung kapal ini melibatkan alat-alat yang membutuhkan bahan bakar dan daya listrik tinggi, yang secara langsung berkontribusi pada emisi CO2. Gas CO2 sendiri merupakan penyumbang utama emisi gas rumah kaca, mencakup sekitar 75% dari total emisi. Oleh karena itu, sangat penting untuk mengidentifikasi dampak lingkungan yang dihasilkan dari proses produksi yang ada di lambung kapal tersebut. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengukur besarnya dampak lingkungan yang timbul dari proses produksi lambung kapal dengan pendekatan gate to gate, yaitu blasting & painting, marking, cutting, bending, welding, blasting dan painting. Tahap penelitian dimulai dari analisis beban emisi yang dihasilkan dari proses produksi. Hasil analisis bahan baku, bahan kimia/pendukung, bahan bakar, energi listrik, dan beban emisi digunakan dalam analisis Life Cycle Inventory (LCI). Selanjutnya, dilakukan identifikasi dampak menggunakan metode Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) dengan menggunakan software Microsoft Excel. Pada tahap Life Cycle Impact Assesment (LCIA), nilai faktor karakterisasi dan normalisasi diambil dari basis data Simapro. Metode yang digunakan menggunakan pendekatan midpoint, yaitu CML-IA Baseline. Emisi yang dianalisis, yaitu CO2, NO2, CH4, N2O, dan particulate matter (PM). Dampak lingkungan yang dianalisis didapatkan setelah tahap klasifikasi pada LCIA, yaitu global warming potential, eutrophication, acidification, photochemical oxidation, dan human toxicity. Hasil dari analisis penelitian ini, yaitu didapatkan beban emisi sebesar 186,23 ton CO2 primer; 1.898,40 ton CO2 sekunder; 3,02 x 10-3 ton CH4; 3,02 x 10-4 ton N2O; 3,04 NO2; dan 13,23 ton PM. Dampak lingkungan yang ditimbulkan dari proses produksi berdasarkan analisis LCA, yaitu nilai Global Warming Potential (GWP) sebesar 67,3 kg CO2-eq; Human Toxicity sebesar 2,01 kg 1,4 DB-eq; Photochemical Oxidation sebesar 1,02 x 10-2 kg C2H4-eq; Acidification sebesar 0,181 kg SO2-eq; dan Eutrophication sebesar 4,72 x 10-2 kg PO4-eq. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa unit cutting dan painting memberikan kontribusi terbesar terhadap dampak lingkungan dalam proses produksi lambung kapal. Beberapa alternatif perbaikan yang direkomendasikan untuk mengurangi dampak lingkungan, yaitu pemanfaatan hidrogen sebagai bahan bakar alternatif ramah lingkungan, penerapan teknologi NC plasma cutting, dan penerapan teknologi High Volume Low Pressure (HVLP) pada painting.
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The shipyard industry is a service industry engaged in the manufacture and repair of ships. This industry plays an important role in the national economy. However, shipyard industry activities also produce waste, pollutants, or gas emissions that can pollute the environment. As one of the largest ship construction companies in Indonesia, PT X has a Hull Construction Department under the Commercial Ship Division which plays a role in the process of making the main structure of the ship. The hull construction process involves various activities such as blasting, painting, marking, cutting, bending, fitting, and welding. This process produces greenhouse gases and exhaust gases that have the potential to pollute the air and have a negative impact on the surrounding environment. The processes in the hull of the ship involve tools that require high fuel and electricity, which directly contribute to CO2 emissions. CO2 gas itself is a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions, accounting for around 75% of total emissions. Therefore, it is very important to identify the environmental impacts resulting from the production process in the hull of the ship. This study was conducted to measure the magnitude of the environmental impacts arising from the ship hull production process with a gate to gate approach, namely blasting & painting, marking, cutting, bending, welding, blasting and painting. The research stage begins with the analysis of the emission load generated from the production process. The results of the analysis of raw materials, chemicals/supporting materials, fuel, electrical energy, and emission loads are used in the Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) analysis. Furthermore, impact identification is carried out using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method using Microsoft Excel software. At the Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) stage, the characterization and normalization factor values are taken from the Simapro database. The method used uses the midpoint approach, namely the CML-IA Baseline. The emissions analyzed are CO2, NO2, CH4, N2O, and particulate matter (PM). The environmental impacts analyzed are obtained after the classification stage in the LCIA, namely global warming potential, eutrophication, acidification, photochemical oxidation, and human toxicity. The results of this research analysis, namely the emission load of 186.23 tons of primary CO2; 1,898.40 tons of secondary CO2; 3.02 x 10-3 tons of CH4; 3.02 x 10-4 tons of N2O; 3.04 NO2; and 13.23 tons of PM. The environmental impacts caused by the production process based on LCA analysis, namely the Global Warming Potential (GWP) value of 67.3 kg CO2-eq; Human Toxicity of 2.01 kg 1.4 DB-eq; Photochemical Oxidation of 1.02 x 10-2 kg C2H4-eq; Acidification of 0.181 kg SO2-eq; and Eutrophication of 4.72 x 10-2 kg PO4-eq. The results of the analysis show that the cutting and painting units make the largest contribution to the environmental impact in the ship's hull production process. Several recommended improvement alternatives to reduce the environmental impact, namely the use of hydrogen as an environmentally friendly alternative fuel, the application of NC plasma cutting technology, and the application of High Volume Low Pressure (HVLP) technology in painting.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	CML-IA Baseline, dampak lingkungan, gas rumah kaca, LCA, produksi lambung kapal, environmental impact, greenhouse gases, hull production
Subjects:	T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD194.6 Environmental impact analysis
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Environmental Engineering > 25201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Novia Eka Syahildah
Date Deposited:	24 Jul 2025 05:24
Last Modified:	24 Jul 2025 05:24
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/121125

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