Optimal MILP-Based Unit Commitment with BESS for Boosting Transmission Capacity in High Renewable Penetration Systems

Dzulfikar, Rifki Daris (2025) Optimal MILP-Based Unit Commitment with BESS for Boosting Transmission Capacity in High Renewable Penetration Systems. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

As electricity demand grows and Renewable Energy Sources (RES) penetration increases, transmission congestion and renewable curtailment have become major operational challenges. This study proposes a Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP)-based Unit Commitment (UC) model that integrates the Virtual Power Line (VPL) concept through coordinated control of supply-side (SS-BESS) and demand-side (DS-BESS) Battery Energy Storage Systems. The model enables both BESS units to charge directly from RES, allowing virtual transmission boosts to relieve congestion and maximize renewable utilization. Simulations on modified 3-Bus, IEEE 9-Bus, and IEEE RTS 24-Bus systems demonstrate that VPL reduces curtailment and operational costs while improving generator dispatch and system flexibility. In the IEEE 9-Bus system, VPL significantly reduced curtailment under high-RES scenarios, with techno-economic assessment showing that small-scale wind-based VPL is financially feasible, while PV-based VPL becomes feasible under lower battery costs. In the RTS 24-Bus system, VPL outperformed traditional transmission upgrades in both curtailment and cost reduction for PV-based scenarios. A unique case in RTS 24 showed that full VPL coordination achieved a 24.98% reduction in curtailment and 2.2% cost savings, along with notable reductions in startup and shutdown costs. These results confirm that VPL is not only a technically effective approach for high-RES grids but also an economically promising alternative to physical transmission upgrade.
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Seiring dengan meningkatnya permintaan listrik dan penetrasi Renewable Energy Sources (RES), transmission congestion dan renewable curtailment menjadi tantangan operasional utama. Studi ini mengusulkan model Unit Commitment (UC) berbasis Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) yang mengintegrasikan konsep Virtual Power Line (VPL) melalui pengendalian terkoordinasi Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) di sisi suplai (SS-BESS) dan sisi permintaan (DS-BESS). Model ini memungkinkan kedua unit BESS untuk mengisi daya langsung dari RES, sehingga menciptakan peningkatan kapasitas transmisi secara virtual guna mengurangi kemacetan dan memaksimalkan pemanfaatan energi terbarukan. Simulasi dilakukan pada sistem 3-Bus yang dimodifikasi, IEEE 9-Bus, dan IEEE RTS 24-Bus, yang menunjukkan bahwa VPL mampu menurunkan curtailment dan biaya operasional sekaligus meningkatkan pengaturan pembebanan pembangkit dan fleksibilitas sistem. Pada sistem IEEE 9-Bus, VPL secara signifikan mengurangi curtailment dalam skenario dengan penetrasi RES tinggi, dengan hasil penilaian teknis dan ekonomi menunjukkan bahwa VPL berbasis angin skala kecil layak secara finansial, sementara VPL berbasis PV menjadi layak di bawah asumsi biaya baterai yang lebih rendah. Pada sistem RTS 24-Bus, VPL mengungguli opsi peningkatan kapasitas transmisi dalam hal pengurangan curtailment dan biaya, khususnya pada skenario berbasis PV. Salah satu kasus unik dalam RTS 24 menunjukkan bahwa koordinasi penuh VPL berhasil menurunkan curtailment sebesar 24,98% dan penghematan biaya sebesar 2,2%, disertai pengurangan signifikan pada biaya startup dan shutdown pembangkit. Hasil ini menegaskan bahwa VPL bukan hanya solusi teknis yang efektif untuk sistem dengan penetrasi RES tinggi, tetapi juga merupakan alternatif ekonomi yang menjanjikan dibandingkan peningkatan infrastruktur transmisi secara fisik.

Item Type:	Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Unit Commitment, Virtual Power Line, Battery Energy Storage, Renewable Curtailment, Techno-economic Analysis
Subjects:	T Technology > TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering > TK201 Electric Power Transmission T Technology > TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering > TK1001 Production of electric energy or power T Technology > TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering > TK1087 Photovoltaic power generation T Technology > TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering > TK2941 Storage batteries
Divisions:	Faculty of Intelligent Electrical and Informatics Technology (ELECTICS) > Electrical Engineering > 20101-(S2) Master Thesis
Depositing User:	Rifki Daris Dzulfikar
Date Deposited:	25 Jul 2025 06:23
Last Modified:	25 Jul 2025 06:23
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/121436

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