Desain Pabrik Biodisel dari Palm Fatty Acid Distillate

Dinata, Haiqal Nabiha Dinata and Prasetya, Shena Brillian Budhi Prasetya (2025) Desain Pabrik Biodisel dari Palm Fatty Acid Distillate. Other thesis, Institut Teknolgi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Seiring dengan peningkatan permintaan Bahan Bakar Minyak (BBM) yang tidak diimbangi oleh ketersediaan cadangan telah mendorong transisi global ke arah energi terbarukan, diantaranya biofuel. Komitmen pemerintah Indonesia yang gencar dalam pemanfaatan biodiesel telah mendorong Indonesia menjadi produsen terbesar kedua di dunia. Untuk mendukung dan memperkuat posisi tersebut, dirancang pembangunan pabrik biodiesel baru dengan kapasitas produksi mencapai 200.000 ton per tahun dengan menggunakan bahan baku dari produk samping dari pemurnian minyak sawit mentah. Proses produksi dilakukan dengan tahap esterifikasi dan transesterifikasi pada suhu 60 °C dan tekanan 1 atm, dengan tingkat konversi masing-masing 98% dan 99%. Asam sulfat (H₂SO₄) digunakan sebagai katalis pada proses esterifikasi, sedangkan natrium hidroksida (NaOH) digunakan dalam transesterifikasi untuk mengubah trigliserida menjadi metil ester. Selain menghasilkan biodiesel sebagai produk utama, proses ini juga menghasilkan produk samping yaitu gliserol. Pabrik direncanakan berlokasi di Kawasan Ekonomi Khusus (KEK) Arun, Lhokseumawe, dengan pertimbangan ketersediaan bahan baku dan akses distribusi yang strategis. Dari analisis perhitungan ekonomi, didapatkan modal CAPEX sebesar Rp 1.450.006.056.882 OPEX sebesar Rp 37.342.753.004/tahun. NPV yang didapatkan bernilai positif dengan nilai sebesar 1.773.820.900.040. Dari perhitungan tersebut, didapatkan IRR sebesar 29,05%, dengan POT selama 7,3 tahun. Sedangkan, BEP (Break Even Point) yang didapatkan adalah sebesar 30,77% Dengan hasil analisis yang dilakukan maka disimpulkan bahwa pabrik biodiesel dengan kapasitas 200.000 ton/tahun secara teknis layak untuk didirikan.
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The increasing demand for Fossil Fuels (BBM), which is not matched by the availability of reserves, has driven a global transition towards renewable energy, including biofuels. The Indonesian government's strong commitment to the utilization of biodiesel has propelled Indonesia to become the second-largest producer in the world. To support and strengthen this position, the construction of a new biodiesel plant is being planned with a production capacity of 200,000 tons per year, using raw materials from the by-products of crude palm oil refining. The production process involves esterification and transesterification using the foolproof method at 60 °C and 1 atm pressure, achieving conversion rates of 98% and 99%, respectively. Sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) is employed as an acid catalyst in the esterification step, while sodium hydroxide (NaOH) acts as a base catalyst in transesterification to convert triglycerides into methyl esters. In addition to biodiesel as the main product, glycerol is also generated as a byproduct. The plant is planned to be established in the Arun Special Economic Zone (SEZ), Lhokseumawe, based on considerations of feedstock availability and strategic distribution access. Based on the economic analysis, the calculated capital expenditure (CAPEX) amounts to Rp 1,450,006,056,882, and the operating expenditure (OPEX) is Rp 37,342,753,004 per year. The Net Present Value (NPV) obtained is positive, with a value of Rp 1,773,820,900,040. From these calculations, an Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 29.05% was achieved, with a Payback Period (POT) of 7.3 years. Meanwhile, the Break Even Point (BEP) was calculated to be 30.77%. Based on the analysis, it can be concluded that the biodiesel plant with a capacity of 200,000 tons/year is technically and economically feasible to establish.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Biodiesel,Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD), Esterifikasi, Transesterifikasi, Biodiesel,Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD), Esterification, Transesterification
Subjects:	T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP155.5 Chemical plants--Design and construction T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP155.7 Chemical processes.
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Chemical Engineering > 24201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Haiqal Nabiha Dinata
Date Deposited:	25 Jul 2025 07:08
Last Modified:	25 Jul 2025 07:08
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/121486

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