Analisis Kinerja Grounding Rod pada Tanah Multilayer dengan Variasi Resistivitas dan Geometri Menggunakan Metode Elemen Hingga

Sirait, Jonathan Christian Samuel (2025) Analisis Kinerja Grounding Rod pada Tanah Multilayer dengan Variasi Resistivitas dan Geometri Menggunakan Metode Elemen Hingga. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Sistem pentanahan memiliki peran penting dalam menjaga keamanan dan keandalan infrastruktur kelistrikan, terutama dalam menyalurkan arus gangguan ke tanah secara aman. Tanah sering kali memiliki karakteristik yang kompleks, termasuk resistivitas yang berbeda di setiap lapisannya. Perbedaan ini mempengaruhi efektivitas sistem pentanahan, sehingga analisis mendalam diperlukan untuk memahami performa grounding rod pada tanah multilayer. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kinerja elektroda pentanahan batang tunggal berbahan tembaga pada model tanah multilayer menggunakan metode elemen hingga (FEM). Fokus utama penelitian mencakup pengaruh variasi resistivitas dan ketebalan lapisan atas, serta geometri elektroda terhadap distribusi tegangan permukaan, resistansi pentanahan, dan tegangan langkah berdasarkan standar IEEE Std 80-2013. Variasi model mencakup lima konfigurasi tanah berbeda dengan resistivitas lapisan atas 100 Ωm, 1000 Ωm, dan 5000 Ωm, serta ketebalan 0,15 m dan 0,25 m. Geometri elektroda yang dianalisis meliputi vertikal, horizontal, dan ring. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa penambahan lapisan atas dengan resistivitas tinggi meningkatkan tegangan permukaan di sekitar elektroda, tetapi hanya dalam jarak pendek karena ketebalannya yang relatif kecil. Lapisan bawah yang tebal dan konduktif lebih mendominasi perilaku distribusi tegangan pada jarak jauh. Selain itu, geometri elektroda juga memengaruhi tegangan di sekitar area injeksi, tetapi tidak berdampak besar pada profil tegangan di area yang lebih jauh. Penambahan lapisan atas resistif secara efektif meningkatkan batas tegangan langkah yang dapat ditoleransi, sehingga dapat meningkatkan batas keselamatan. Namun, masih terdapat daerah di sekitar elektroda yang belum memenuhi batas aman menurut standar.
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Grounding system is essential for ensuring the safety and reliability of electrical infrastructure, ensuring fault currents are safely dissipated into the ground. Soil often exhibits complex characteristics, including varying resistivity across its layers. These variations influence the effectiveness of the grounding system, thus requiring in-depth analysis to understand the performance of grounding rods in multilayer soil. This study aims to analyze the performance of a single copper grounding electrode in a multilayer soil model using the Finite Element Method (FEM). The main focus includes the influence of top-layer resistivity and thickness variations, as well as electrode geometry, surface voltage distribution, grounding resistance, and step voltage based on IEEE Std 80-2013. The simulation involves five soil configurations with top-layer resistivities of 100 Ωm, 1000 Ωm, and 5000 Ωm, and thicknesses of 0,15 m and 0,25 m. Electrode geometries analyzed include vertical, horizontal, and ring types. Simulation results indicate that adding a high-resistivity top layer increases the surface voltage around the electrode, but only within a short distance due to its relatively thin thickness. At greater distances, the behavior of voltage distribution is predominantly governed by the thicker and more conductive bottom layer. Additionally, electrode geometry influences the voltage near the injection point but has minimal impact on the voltage profile farther from the electrode. The use of a high-resistivity top layer effectively increases the tolerable step voltage limit, thereby enhancing safety. However, certain areas around the electrode still fail to meet the safe limits defined by the standard.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Grounding Rod, Tanah Multilayer, Resistivitas Tanah, Metode Elemen Hingga, Tegangan Langkah
Subjects:	T Technology > TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering > TK153 Electric power factor. Lightning protection.
Divisions:	Faculty of Intelligent Electrical and Informatics Technology (ELECTICS) > Electrical Engineering > 20201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Jonathan Christian Samuel Sirait
Date Deposited:	27 Jul 2025 15:16
Last Modified:	27 Jul 2025 15:16
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/121750

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