Analisis Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) Emisi Gas Buang Dari Proses Produksi Pupuk Urea Di Pabrik 5 PT XYZ

Hutomo, Muhammad Haikal Zidan (2025) Analisis Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) Emisi Gas Buang Dari Proses Produksi Pupuk Urea Di Pabrik 5 PT XYZ. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Industri pupuk kimia, khususnya produksi pupuk urea, merupakan kontributor signifikan terhadap polusi udara akibat emisi gas buang dari proses produksinya. Proses ini
menghasilkan emisi gas rumah kaca, terutama karbon dioksida (CO₂), dengan estimasi global mencapai 12,5 juta ton per tahun dengan emisi tinggi yang disebabkan oleh proses produksi amonia (NH₃) yang memerlukan energi dalam jumlah besar. Indonesia sebagai salah satu produsen pupuk urea terbesar di dunia menghadapi tantangan besar dalam mengurangi jejak karbon industri pupuknya, termasuk PT XYZ yang merupakan salah satu produsen pupuk urea terbesar di Indonesia. Meskipun peran PT XYZ dalam menyediakan pupuk bagi sektor pertanian sangat penting, proses produksi pupuk urea di Pabrik 5 memiliki potensi emisi yang
signifikan terutama terkait dengan emisi gas buang.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui proses produksi pupuk urea di Pabrik 5 PT XYZ dan menganalisis tingkat emisi gas buang menggunakan metode Life Cycle Assessment
(LCA). Ruang lingkup penelitian mencakup sistem proses produksi pupuk urea yang terdiri dari Synthesis Unit, Purification Unit, Concentration Unit, dan Granulator Unit dengan analisis pendekatan yaitu gate to gate. Analisis dampak lingkungan difokuskan pada kategori midpoint
terdiri dari global warming, non-renewable energy, dan aquatic acidification dengan menganalisis emisi gas CO2, CH4, SO2, dan NOx. Kategori dampak endpoint yang dikaji yaitu climate change, resources, dan ecosystem quality.Data penelitian diperoleh dari data sekunder mengenai penggunaan energi listrik dan bahan bakar gas alam. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) dengan metode Impact 2002+ untuk mengevaluasi dampak lingkungan dari proses produksi pupuk urea tersebut. Hasil analisis diperoleh bawah pada proses produksi pabrik 5 PT XYZ memiliki kontribusi signifikan terhadap emisi gas buang, terutama pada unit proses. Emisi utama yang teridentifi- kasi pada proses produksi pabrik 5 PT XYZ adalah emisi gas CO₂, CH₄, SO₂, dan NOx, baik dari konsumsi energi listrik maupun dari reaksi kimia dalam proses produksi pupuk
urea yang menyumbang besar terhadap emisi tidak langsung. Pada proses produksi pupuk urea di Pabrik 5 PT XYZ, menyumbang dampak terhadap lingkungan berupa dampak Global
Warming sebesar 324.825.583,50 kg CO2-eq; Non-Renewable Energy sebesar 46.742,40 MJ; dan Aquatic Acidification sebesar 737.958.670,74 kg SO2-eq. Adapun besaran kajian dampak endpoint didapatkan besaran dampak Climate Change sebesar 32.645.79 kg CO2-eq; Resources sebesar 14,02 MJ; dan Ecosystem Quality sebesar 158.700,79 PDF.m2.y. Adapun penyebab tingginya dampak Ecosystem Quality diakibatkan dari dampak Aquatic Acidification yang dipengaruhi dari tingginya konsumsi bahan bakar gas bumi.
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The chemical fertilizer industry, particularly urea fertilizer production, is a significant contributor to air pollution due to exhaust gas emissions generated during the production process. This process results in the emission of greenhouse gases, primarily carbon dioxide (CO₂), with global estimates reaching approximately 12.5 million tons per year. The high emission levels are largely attributed to the ammonia (NH₃) production process, which requires
substantial amounts of energy. As one of the largest urea fertilizer producers in the world, Indonesia faces major challenges in reducing the carbon footprint of its fertilizer industry, including PT XYZ, which is one of the leading urea fertilizer manufacturers in the country.
Although PT XYZ plays a crucial role in supplying fertilizers for the agricultural sector, the urea production process at Plant 5 has the potential to generate significant emissions, particularly from exhaust gases.
This study aims to examine the urea fertilizer production process at Plant 5 of PT XYZ and analyze the level of exhaust gas emissions using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method. The scope of the study includes the urea production process system, which consists of the Synthesis Unit, Purification Unit, Concentration Unit, and Granulator Unit, analyzed using a gate-to-gate approach. The environmental impact assessment focuses on midpoint categories
including global warming, non-renewable energy, and aquatic acidification by analyzing emissions of CO₂, CH₄, SO₂, and NOₓ. The assessed endpoint impact categories include climate
change, resources, and ecosystem quality. The research data were obtained from secondary sources regarding electricity and natural gas consumption. The analytical method employed is Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) using the Impact 2002+ method to evaluate the environmental impacts of the urea production process. The analysis results show that the urea production process at Plant 5 of PT XYZ contributes significantly to exhaust gas emissions, particularly in the process units. The primary emissions identified include CO₂, CH₄, SO₂, and NOₓ, originating both from electricity consumption and from chemical reactions within the urea production process, which
significantly contribute to indirect emissions. The environmental impact from the urea production process at Plant 5 of PT XYZ includes: Global Warming at 324.825.583,50 kg CO₂eq; Non-Renewable Energy at 46.742,40 MJ; and Aquatic Acidification at 737.958.670,74 kg SO₂-eq. The endpoint impact values obtained were: Climate Change at 32.645.79 Pt; Resources at 14,02 Pt; and Ecosystem Quality at 158.700,79 Pt. The high contribution to the Ecosystem Quality impact is primarily caused by the Aquatic Acidification impact, which is influenced by the high consumption of natural gas fuel.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), Emisi Gas Buang, Dampak Lingkungan, Proses Produksi, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), Exhaust Emissions, Environmental Impact, Production Process.
Subjects:	T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD194.6 Environmental impact analysis
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil Engineering and Planning > Environment Engineering > 25201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Muhammad Haikal Zidan Hutomo
Date Deposited:	28 Jul 2025 02:06
Last Modified:	28 Jul 2025 02:06
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/121794

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