Desain Pabrik Natrim Karbonat dari CO2 Flue Gas PLTU Suralaya dengan Metode Karbonasi

Khoirunnisa', Shofia and Nurhanifa, Dinda Amelia (2025) Desain Pabrik Natrim Karbonat dari CO2 Flue Gas PLTU Suralaya dengan Metode Karbonasi. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Desain pabrik natrium karbonat (Na2CO3) ini dirancang dengan memanfaatkan gas CO2 dari flue gas PLTU Suralaya dan natrium hidroksida (NaOH) sebagai bahan baku utama, menggunakan metode karbonasi. Pemilihan proses ini didasarkan pada ketersediaan bahan baku di Indonesia serta kontribusinya dalam mengurangi emisi karbon, mendukung agenda dekarbonisasi nasional. Proses karbonasi dinilai efisien karena CO2 dalam flue gas (sekitar 15,87%) dapat diserap secara efektif oleh larutan NaOH, menghasilkan produk dengan kemurnian tinggi (≥99%) dan limbah minimal. Desain ini meliputi penyusunan diagram alur proses (PFD), diagram perpipaan dan instrumentasi (P&ID) secara sederhana, kajian awal terhadap potensi bahaya dan operabilitas (HAZOP), penentuan spesifikasi peralatan, serta analisis aspek keekonomian. Pabrik direncanakan beroperasi secara kontinyu selama 24 jam per hari dan 330 hari per tahun, dengan kapasitas produksi mencapai 200.000 ton/tahun dan kebutuhan NaOH sebesar 216.165 ton/tahun. Lokasi pabrik berada di Kecamatan Pulo Merak, Kota Cilegon, Provinsi Banten. Dari sisi ekonomi, investasi modal tetap (FCI) mencapai Rp1,82 triliun dan modal kerja (WCI) sebesar Rp319 miliar, dengan total CAPEX Rp2,14 triliun dan OPEX tahunan Rp1,39 triliun. Pabrik dirancang dengan masa konstruksi 2 tahun dan umur operasi 20 tahun. Evaluasi ekonomi menunjukkan nilai IRR sebesar 15,99%, Pay Out Time selama 6,22 tahun, Break Even Point 32,77%, serta NPV positif sebesar Rp594,05 miliar. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa pabrik natrium karbonat layak dibangun secara teknis dan ekonomis, sekaligus memberikan manfaat lingkungan dan ekonomi melalui pemanfaatan limbah gas buang.

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The sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) plant is designed to utilize CO2 gas from the flue gas of the Suralaya coal-fired power plant and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) as the main raw materials, employing the carbonation method. This process was selected due to the abundant availability of raw materials in Indonesia and its contribution to reducing carbon emissions, supporting national decarbonization initiatives. Carbonation is considered efficient as CO2 in the flue gas (approximately 15.87%) can be effectively absorbed by NaOH solution, producing high-purity sodium carbonate (≥99%) with minimal by-products. This design includes the development of a Process Flow Diagram (PFD), a simplified Piping and Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID), an initial hazard and operability study (HAZOP), equipment specifications, and an economic analysis. The plant is planned to operate continuously, 24 hours per day and 330 days per year, with a production capacity of 200,000 tons per year and NaOH demand reaching 216,165 tons per year. The plant will be located in Pulo Merak District, Cilegon City, Banten Province. From an economic standpoint, the fixed capital investment (FCI) is estimated at IDR 1.82 trillion, and the working capital investment (WCI) at IDR 319 billion, resulting in a total CAPEX of IDR 2.14 trillion and an annual OPEX of IDR 1.39 trillion. The construction period is projected to be 2 years, with a plant lifespan of 20 years. Economic evaluations show an Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 15.99%, a Pay Out Time of 6.22 years, a Break Even Point at 32.77% of capacity, and a positive Net Present Value (NPV) of IDR 594.05 billion. These results indicate that the sodium carbonate plant is both technically and economically feasible, while also offering environmental and economic benefits through flue gas utilization.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	CO2, Flue Gas, Karbonasi, NaOH, Natrium Karbonat, Carbonation, Sodium Carbonate
Subjects:	T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP155.5 Chemical plants--Design and construction
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Chemical Engineering > 24201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Dinda Amelia Nurhanifa
Date Deposited:	28 Jul 2025 04:38
Last Modified:	28 Jul 2025 04:38
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/122040

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