Rekomendasi Kebijakan Penyediaan Hunian Tetap Berdasarkan Pengaruh Faktor Migrasi Tarik dan Dorong di Lingkungan Pascabencana Gunung Semeru

Kamila, Azura Calista Shafa (2025) Rekomendasi Kebijakan Penyediaan Hunian Tetap Berdasarkan Pengaruh Faktor Migrasi Tarik dan Dorong di Lingkungan Pascabencana Gunung Semeru. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Di Lumajang tepatnya pascabencana erupsi Gunung Semeru, meskipun relokasi bertujuan untuk menyediakan hunian yang lebih aman, banyak warga terdampak bencana memilih untuk kembali ke daerah asal meskipun berisiko. Mereka yang memutuskan untuk kembali ke daerah asal beranggapan bahwa relokasi yang dilakukan pemerintah masih belum sesuai dengan harapan dan berdampak pada beberapa hal. Tidak hanya itu, adanya rasa emosional mendalam seperti perasaan nyaman tinggal di hunian asal dan keterikatan sosial yang sudah terjalin menjadi salah satu alasan kembalinya masyarakat ke daerah aslinya. Ini menunjukkan adanya indikasi faktor kompleks antara faktor tarik dan dorong yang turut mempengaruhi keputusan masyarakat untuk kembali ke daerah asal (daerah tinggi risiko bencana). Dengan menggunakan kerangka teori push-pull migration, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merumuskan rekomendasi penyediaan kebijakan hunian tetap berdasarkan pengaruh housing satisfaction sebagai faktor dorong dan place attachment serta risk perception sebagai faktor tarik terhadap keputusan masyarakat untuk kembali ke daerah terdampak pasca-erupsi Gunung Semeru. Adapun metode analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu analisis statistik deskriptif, SEM-PLS, dan content analysis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor yang mendorong masyarakat untuk kembali ke daerah asal disebabkan oleh beberapa hal seperti jarak lokasi kerja (3.57), ketersediaan perternakan terpadu (3.46), dan ketersediaan utilitas rumah (3.45) yang belum memuaskan di lokasi hunian tetap BSD. Sementara faktor tarik yang mempengaruhi keputusan masyarakat adalah lapangan kerja (3.45), ketersediaan sumber pendapatan (3.44), keanekaragaman sumber daya hayati (3.43), dan terbatasnya informasi bencana (3.35) di lokasi asal mereka. Analisis model menunjukkan bahwa faktor push dan pull memiliki tingkat pengaruh yang kuat dan sedang, dengan tingkat akurasi model sebesar 78,5%, yang berarti model ini cukup kuat dalam menjelaskan variabel keputusan kembali. Rekomendasi kebijakan penyediaan hunian tetap dalam penelitian ini secara umum terbagi menjadi 3 strategi utama, antara lain adalah: (1) Penguatan perencanaan hunian relokasi berbasis partisipasi masyarakat yang adaptif dan inklusif, dengan mengintegrasikan nilai sosial budaya lokal, identitas komunitas, serta fleksibilitas desain sesuai kebutuhan keluarga dan konteks sosial yang beragam; (2) Penguatan sistem penghidupan berkelanjutan pascarelokasi melalui pengembangan akses ekonomi lokal berbasis komunitas, pemanfaatan sumber daya alam secara adaptif, serta penataan lokasi hunian yang mendukung kehidupan sehari-hari; (3) Penguatan sistem mitigasi dan komunikasi kebencanaan melalui pelibatan tokoh lokal dan pendekatan partisipatif. Dengan demikian, hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi referensi dalam pengambilan kebijakan relokasi yang lebih partisipatif, adaptif, dan kontekstual, serta mendukung proses pemulihan pascabencana yang manusiawi dan berkelanjutan.
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In Lumajang, after the Mount Semeru eruption, although the relocation aimed to provide safer housing, many disaster-affected residents chose to return to their areas of origin despite the risks involved. Those who decided to return to their areas of origin thought that the relocation carried out by the government was still not in accordance with expectations and had an impact on several things. Not only that, the existence of deep emotional feelings such as the feeling of comfort living in the original residence and the social attachment that has been established is one of the reasons for the return of the community to their original area. This indicates that there are complex factors between push and pull factors that influence people's decision to return to their areas of origin (high disaster risk areas). Using the push-pull migration theoretical framework, this study aims to formulate recommendations for the provision of permanent housing based on the influence of housing satisfaction as a push factor and place attachment and risk perception as pull factors on people's decisions to return to affected areas after the eruption of Mount Semeru. The analysis methods used in this research are descriptive statistical analysis, SEM-PLS, and content analysis. The results show that the factors that encourage people to return to the area of origin are caused by several things such as proximity to work locations (3.57), the availability of integrated livestock (3.46), and the availability of unsatisfactory home utilities (3.45) in BSD permanent housing locations. Meanwhile, the pull factors that influence people's decisions are employment opportunities (3.45), availability of income sources (3.44), biodiversity (3.43), and limited disaster information (3.35) in their home locations. The model analysis shows that push and pull factors have a strong and moderate level of influence, with a model accuracy rate of 78.5%, which means that the model is strong enough to explain the return decision variable. Policy recommendations for the provision of permanent housing in this study are generally divided into 3 main strategies, including: (1) Strengthening relocation housing planning based on adaptive and inclusive community participation, by integrating local socio-cultural values, community identity, and design flexibility according to family needs and diverse social contexts; (2) Strengthening post-relocation sustainable livelihood systems through the development of community-based local economic access, adaptive utilization of natural resources, and arrangement of residential locations that support daily life; (3) Strengthening disaster mitigation and communication systems through the involvement of local leaders and participatory approaches. Thus, the results of this research are expected to be a reference in making relocation policies that are more participatory, adaptive, and contextual, and support a humane and sustainable post-disaster recovery process.

Item Type:	Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Erupsi Gunung Semeru, Push Pull Migration, Relokasi, Hunian Tetap Mount Semeru Eruption, Push Pull Migration, Relocation, Permanent Housing
Subjects:	H Social Sciences > HD Industries. Land use. Labor > HD61 Risk Management H Social Sciences > HT Communities. Classes. Races > HT166 City Planning--Environmental aspects H Social Sciences > HV Social pathology. Social and public welfare > HV551.5.I4 Hazard mitigation
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Regional & Urban Planning > 35101-(S2) Master Thesis
Depositing User:	Azura Calista Shafa Kamila
Date Deposited:	28 Jul 2025 03:32
Last Modified:	28 Jul 2025 03:32
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/122396

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