Distribusi dan Degradasi Sampah Plastik Low Density Polyethylene dan Polypropylene dalam Tanah

Tutut, Indra Irawati (2025) Distribusi dan Degradasi Sampah Plastik Low Density Polyethylene dan Polypropylene dalam Tanah. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Distribusi sampah plastik (makroplastik, MaP) pada tanah dapat merusak struktur tanah, mengurangi kemampuan infiltrasi air hujan, serta berdampak buruk terhadap kapasitas penahan air tanah dan kesehatan manusia. Sampah plastik pada tanah dapat terurai menjadi mesoplastik (MeP) dan mikroplastik (MP). Di Indonesia, penelitian distribusi sampah plastik masih berfokus pada laut, air sungai, dan udara, sementara pada tanah masih kurang mendapat perhatian. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: 1) mengkaji distribusi kelimpahan dan karakteristik fisik – kimia polutan plastik pada tanah di kawasan permukiman, dan 2) mengkaji proses degradasi sampah plastik jenis LDPE dan PP di dalam media tanah pada variasi kelembapan dan jenis tanah, dengan mempertimbangkan perubahan weight loss. Sampling tanah dilakukan pada tiga lokasi permukiman yaitu padat (Kelurahan Nginden Jangkungan), sedang (Kelurahan Klampis Ngasem), dan rendah (Kelurahan Keputih).
Sampling dan analisa sampel tanah dilakukan berdasarkan metode yang diterapkan oleh NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration). Kajian distribusi kelimpahan, karakteristik MaP, MeP, dan MP pada tanah di kawasan permukiman dilakukan dengan mengidentifikasi warna, bentuk, jenis, dan ukuran plastik. Kajian proses degradasi sampah plastik jenis LDPE dan PP di dalam tanah dilakukan dengan simulasi laboratorium selama 0, 60, 120, dan 180 hari. Reaktor diatur berdasarkan variasi kelembaban (kering dan lembab) dan jenis tanah (liat, berpasir, dan TPA Jabon Sidoarjo). Analisis degradasi dilakukan berdasarkan perubahan morfologi permukaan material uji hasil Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) dan spectrum dari fourier transform infrared (FTIR) secara berkala. Permukiman di Kecamatan Sukolilo Surabaya telah ditemukan MaP, MeP, dan MP dengan kelimpahan rata-rata 0,45 - 120,59 partikel/kg. Berdasarkan luasan, kelimpahan rata-rata 33,33 - 8.900,00 partikel/m². Karakteristik MaP didominasi oleh plastik kemasan berbentuk film, berwarna transparan, dan berukuran 2,5 - 16 cm. Karakteristik MeP didominasi oleh partikel berbentuk film, berwarna transparan, dan berukuran 1 – 2 cm. Karakteristik MP didominasi oleh partikel berbentuk fragmen, berwarna transparan, dan berukuran Small Microplastic (SMP) (<1 mm). Dua jenis polimer dominan yang teridentifikasi adalah LDPE dan PP. Distribusi sampah plastik dipengaruhi oleh faktor lingkungan (ekonomi, tingkat aktivitas manusia, dan akses kendaraan) dan karakteristik partikel (bentuk, ukuran, warna, dan jenis polimer). Terjadi degradasi pada LDPE dan PP yang ditunjukkan oleh terjadinya permukaan material tidak rata, serpihan, patahan, hingga lubang pada hasil SEM, serta weight loss. Perubahan weight loss tertinggi terjadi pada LDPE di reaktor tanah berpasir lembab (R6) pada hari ke-180. Faktor lingkungan seperti ketersediaan air dan suhu sangat mempengaruhi degradasi plastik. Selain itu karakteristik polimer dan kondisi sekitarnya. Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan weight loss yang terjadi signifikan.
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The distribution of plastic waste (macroplastic, MaP) in the soil can damage the soil structure, reduce the infiltration capacity of rainwater, and have a negative impact on the water retention capacity of the soil and human health. Plastic waste in the soil can decompose into mesoplastic (MeP) and microplastic (MP). In Indonesia, research on the distribution of plastic waste is still focused on the sea, river water, and air, while soil has received less attention. Therefore, this study aims to: 1) examine the distribution of abundance and physical-chemical characteristics of plastic pollutants in soil in residential areas, and 2) examine the degradation process of LDPE and PP plastic waste in soil media at variations in humidity and soil types, taking into account changes in weight loss. Soil sampling was carried out in three residential locations, namely dense (Nginden Jangkungan Village), medium (Klampis Ngasem Village), and low (Keputih Village).
Sampling and analysis of soil samples were carried out based on the method applied by NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration). The study of the distribution of abundance, characteristics of MaP, MeP, and MP in soil in residential areas was carried out by identifying the color, shape, type, and size of plastic. The study of the degradation process of LDPE and PP plastic waste in the soil was carried out using laboratory simulations for 0, 60, 120, and 180 days. The reactor was set based on variations in humidity (dry and moist) and soil type (clay, sandy, and Jabon Sidoarjo Landfill). Degradation analysis was carried out based on changes in the surface morphology of the test material from Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) results and the spectrum of the Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) periodically.
MaP, MeP, and MP have been found in settlements in Sukolilo District, Surabaya with an average abundance of 0.45 - 120.59 particles/kg. Based on area, the average abundance is 33.33 - 8,900.00 particles/m². MaP characteristics are dominated by plastic packaging in the form of film, transparent in color, and measuring 2.5 - 16 cm. MeP characteristics are dominated by particles in the form of film, transparent in color, and measuring 1 - 2 cm. MP characteristics are dominated by particles in the form of fragments, transparent in color, and measuring Small Microplastic (SMP) (<1 mm). The two dominant types of polymers identified are LDPE and PP. The distribution of plastic waste is influenced by environmental factors (economy, level of human activity, and vehicle access) and particle characteristics (shape, size, color, and type of polymer). Degradation occurs in LDPE and PP as indicated by the occurrence of uneven material surfaces, flakes, fractures, and holes in SEM results, as well as weight loss. The highest weight loss change occurred in LDPE in the moist sandy soil reactor (R6) on day 180. Environmental factors such as water availability and temperature greatly affect plastic degradation. In addition, polymer characteristics and surrounding conditions. The results of statistical tests showed that the weight loss that occurred was significant.

Item Type:	Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	degradasi, FTIR, LDPE, mikroplastik, PP, dan SEM, degradation, microplastics
Subjects:	T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD427.P62 Microplastics--Environmental aspects.
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Environmental Engineering > 25101-(S2) Master Thesis
Depositing User:	Tutut Indra Irawati
Date Deposited:	31 Jul 2025 07:02
Last Modified:	31 Jul 2025 07:02
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/122606

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