Bioavailability Analysis Of Vanadium And Scandium From Red Mud Phytomining With Bacteria Addition Bacillus Stercoris And Staphylococcus Warneri Using Calcium Chloride

Robiyanto, Daffa Aldin Rabbani (2025) Bioavailability Analysis Of Vanadium And Scandium From Red Mud Phytomining With Bacteria Addition Bacillus Stercoris And Staphylococcus Warneri Using Calcium Chloride. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Mengembangkan metode pengolahan lumpur merah yang efisien dan ramah lingkungan, diperlukan evaluasi yang akurat terhadap kandungan logam yang tersedia secara hayati. Penelitian sebelumnya menggunakan EDTA untuk mengekstraksi vanadium (V) dan skandium (Sc), namun hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa EDTA kurang efektif karena sifatnya yang tidak selektif, mudah terdisosiasi, dan sensitivitas terhadap pH yang tinggi. Akibatnya, ekstraksi dengan EDTA tidak dapat merepresentasikan mobilitas dan ketersediaan hayati logam-logam ini. Pada penelitian ini akan diuji coba penggunaan CaCl₂ sebagai agen ekstraksi. Berdasarkan literatur, CaCl₂ dianggap lebih tepat karena mekanisme ekstraksinya yang spesifik melalui pertukaran ion, sehingga lebih efisien dalam melepaskan vanadium dan scandium dalam fraksi yang dapat dipertukarkan.
Penelitian ini terdiri dari penelitian pendahuluan dan penelitian utama. Penelitian pendahuluan pada tanaman meliputi analisis mikroskop biologis dan aklimatisasi tumbuhan. Penelitian pendahuluan pada bakteri dianalisis menggunakan TPC, OD, dan mikroskop biologis. Penelitian pendahuluan terhadap sampel lumpur merah dari Tayan, Kalimantan Barat meliputi uji kandungan logam dengan menggunakan ICP-OES. Penelitian utama dilakukan selama 28 hari di rumah kaca Departemen Teknik Lingkungan, dengan reaktor berupa pot berisi 1300 gram lumpur merah, penyiraman 100 mL setiap hari, dan mengacu pada literatur terkait durasi fitoremediasi. Setelah 28 hari, tanaman diekstraksi menggunakan aquaregia dan Kalsium klorida (CaCl₂), kemudian kandungan logam dianalisis menggunakan ICP-OES. Hasil penelitian akan mengukur serapan logam oleh tanaman, membandingkan perlakuan dengan dan tanpa bakteri Bacillus stercoris, dan divalidasi menggunakan Repeated Measures ANOVA untuk menguji pengaruh variabel independen terhadap variabel dependen.
Tradescantia pallida dan Dracaena fragrans menunjukkan kemampuan yang tinggi dalam menyerap logam berat vanadium (V) dan skandium (Sc). Akumulasi tertinggi pada Tradescantia pallida tercatat pada hari ke-16 dengan 100.53 mg/kg (V) dan 54.28 mg/kg (Sc) ketika diperlakukan dengan Bacillus stercoris, lebih tinggi dari penambahan bakteri Staphylococcus warneri. Pada Dracaena fragrans, Akumulasi tertinggi tercatat pada hari ke-16 dengan 54.00 mg/kg (V) dengan penambahan bakteri Bacillus stercoris dan 35.18 mg/kg (Sc) dengan penambahan bakteri Staphlococcus warneri. Penambahan bakteri seperti Bacillus stercoris dan Staphylococcus warneri meningkatkan bioavailabilitas logam. Ekstraksi CaCl₂ terbukti lebih efektif daripada EDTA dalam menunjukkan fraksi logam yang dapat diserap oleh tanaman.
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Developing an efficient and environmentally friendly red mud treatment method requires an accurate assessment of the biosorbable metal content. Previous studies have used EDTA to extract vanadium (V) and scandium (Sc), but results have shown that EDTA is less effective due to its non-selective nature, easy dissociation, and high pH sensitivity. Consequently, extraction with EDTA cannot reflect the mobility and bioavailability of these metals. This study will test the use of CaCl₂ as an extraction agent. Based on the literature, CaCl₂ is considered more appropriate due to its specific extraction mechanism through ion exchange, resulting in a more efficient release of vanadium and scandium in the exchangeable fraction.
This research consists of preliminary research and main research. Preliminary research on plants includes biological microscope analysis and plant acclimatization. Preliminary research on bacteria was analyzed using TPC, OD, and biological microscopy. Preliminary research on red mud samples from Tayan, West Kalimantan included metal content tests using ICP-OES. The main research was conducted for 28 days in the greenhouse of the Environmental Engineering Department, with a reactor in the form of a pot containing 1300 grams of red mud, watering 100 mL every day, and referring to the literature related to the duration of phytoremediation. After 28 days, the plants were extracted using aquaregia and Calcium chloride (CaCl₂), then the metal content was analyzed using ICP-OES. The results of the study will measure metal uptake by plants, compare treatments with and without Bacillus stercoris bacteria, and be validated using Repeated Measures ANOVA to test the effect of independent variables on dependent variables.
Tradescantia pallida and Dracaena fragrans showed high ability to absorb heavy metals vanadium (V) and scandium (Sc). The highest accumulation in Tradescantia pallida was recorded on day 16 with 100.53 mg/kg (V) and 54.28 mg/kg (Sc) when treated with Bacillus stercoris, higher than the addition of Staphylococcus warneri bacteria. In Dracaena fragrans, the highest accumulation was recorded on day 16 with 54.00 mg/kg (V) with the addition of Bacillus stercoris bacteria and 35.18 mg/kg (Sc) with the addition of Staphlococcus warneri bacteria. The addition of bacteria such as Bacillus stercoris and Staphylococcus warneri increases the bioavailability of metals. CaCl₂ extraction proved to be more effective than EDTA in showing the fraction of metals that can be absorbed by plants.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Phytomining, Lumpur Merah, Dracaena fragrans, Tradescantia pallida, Bacillus stercoris, Staphylococcus warneri, Kalsium klorida (CaCl₂), Pupuk kandang Phytomining, red mud, Dracaena fragrans, Tradescantia pallida, Bacillus stercoris, Staphylococcus warneri, Calcium chloride (CaCl₂), Manure
Subjects:	T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD192.5 Bioremediation T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD192.75 Phytoremediation.
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil Engineering and Planning > Environment Engineering > 25201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Daffa Aldin Rabbani Robiyanto
Date Deposited:	28 Jul 2025 08:49
Last Modified:	28 Jul 2025 08:49
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/122817

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