Pemulihan Fosfat dan Amonium Air Limbah Peternakan Sapi Sebagai Struvite Dengan Metode Presipitasi Kimia

Aradhani, Alifia (2025) Pemulihan Fosfat dan Amonium Air Limbah Peternakan Sapi Sebagai Struvite Dengan Metode Presipitasi Kimia. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Industri peternakan sapi menghasilkan air limbah dengan kandungan nutrien tinggi yang berpotensi mencemari badan air. Presipitasi kimia dengan magnesium dapat membentuk struvite (MgNH₄PO₄·6H₂O) yang berfungsi sebagai pupuk lepas lambat sekaligus mengurangi kadar amonium dan fosfat. Pembentukan struvite dipengaruhi oleh rasio molar, pH, seed material, dan ion lain. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh rasio molar dan seed material terhadap penyisihan amonium dan fosfat serta pembentukan struvite pada air limbah peternakan sapi.
Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel air limbah peternakan dari PT Greenfield Indonesia yang telah melalui pretreatment berupa penyaringan dengan kertas saring. Metode jar test dengan presipitan MgCl2 dilakukan menggunakan 500 mL sampel air limbah untuk setiap perlakuan. Penelitian pendahuluan menggunakan rasio molar Mg:NH₄:PO₄ sebesar 1:1:1 pada pH 8, sesuai hasil simulasi menggunakan software MINTEQ. Variabel yang diuji meliputi kecepatan pengadukan (100, 158, dan 200 rpm) dan durasi pengadukan (30, 45, dan 60 menit). Penelitian utama dilakukan pada kondisi optimum hasil uji pendahuluan, yaitu pH 8, kecepatan pengadukan 200 rpm, dan waktu pengadukan 60 menit. Variasi perlakuan meliputi rasio molar Mg:PO₄, Mg:NH₄, dan Mg:Ca. Pengaruh penambahan seed material dianalisis dengan membandingkan tiga kondisi: tanpa seed, penambahan seed pasir silika, dan penambahan seed kaolin, masing-masing dengan dosis 10g/L. Presipitat yang terbentuk dikarakterisasi menggunakan Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-Ray (SEM-EDX) dan X-Ray Diffraction (XRD).
Struvite teridentifikasi pada perlakuan tanpa seed material dengan tingkat pemulihan struvite sebesar 91,7% dari total presipitat, meskipun efisiensi penyisihannya hanya 33% (fosfat) dan 12,26% (amonium) dari total konsentrasi masing-masing polutan. Pada rasio Mg:NH₄:PO₄ sebesar 1:1:1, efisiensi penyisihan meningkat menjadi 93% untuk amonium dan 99% untuk fosfat, dengan pembentukan struvite sebesar 85,6% dan ukuran kristal 4x lebih besar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyisihan amonium dan fosfat tertinggi terjadi pada rasio molar Mg:PO₄ 2:1 dengan penambahan kaolin, namun tidak terdeteksi pembentukan struvite. Tidak terdeteksinya struvite pada perlakuan seed pasir silika dan kaolin seed disebabkan oleh mekanisme lain serta dosis seed material yang berlebihan. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa rasio molar dan keberadaan seed material sangat memengaruhi efektivitas pembentukan struvite.
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The cattle farming industry produces wastewater with high nutrient content that has the potential to pollute water bodies. Chemical precipitation with magnesium can form struvite (MgNH₄PO₄·6H₂O), which functions as a slow-release fertilizer while reducing ammonium and phosphate levels. Struvite formation is influenced by molar ratio, pH, seed material, and other ions. This study aims to analyze the effect of molar ratio and seed material on ammonium and phosphate removal and struvite formation in cattle farming wastewater.
This study used cattle farm wastewater samples from PT Greenfield Indonesia that had undergone pretreatment via filtration with filter paper. The jar test method with MgCl₂ precipitant was conducted using 500 mL of wastewater sample for each treatment. The preliminary study used a molar ratio of Mg:NH₄:PO₄ of 1:1:1 at pH 8, based on simulation results using the MINTEQ software. The variables tested included stirring speed (100, 158, and 200 rpm) and stirring duration (30, 45, and 60 minutes). The main study was conducted under the optimal conditions from the preliminary test, namely pH 8, stirring speed of 200 rpm, and stirring time of 60 minutes. Treatment variations included the molar ratios of Mg:PO₄, Mg:NH₄, and Mg:Ca. The effect of adding seed material was analyzed by comparing three conditions: no seed, addition of silica sand, and addition of kaolin, each at a dose of 10 g/L. The formed precipitates were characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-Ray (SEM-EDX) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD).
Struvite was identified in the treatment without seed material with a struvite recovery rate of 91.7% of the total precipitate, although its removal efficiency was only 33% (phosphate) and 12.26% (ammonium) of the total concentration of each pollutant. At a Mg:NH₄:PO₄ ratio of 1:1:1, removal efficiency increased to 93% for ammonium and 99% for phosphate, with struvite formation of 85.6% and crystal size 4 times larger. The results indicate that the highest removal of ammonium and phosphate occurs at a molar ratio of Mg:PO₄ 2:1 with the addition of kaolin, but no struvite formation is detected. The absence of struvite formation in the silica sand seed and kaolin seed treatments is attributed to alternative mechanisms and excessive seed material dosage. These results indicate that the molar ratio and the presence of seed material significantly influence the effectiveness of struvite formation.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Air limbah peternakan, Presipitasi, Seed material, Struvite, Livestock wastewater, Precipitation, Seed material, Struvite
Subjects:	Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD547 Flocculation, precipitation, adsorption, etc.
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Environmental Engineering > 25201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Alifia Rahma Aradhani
Date Deposited:	29 Jul 2025 05:00
Last Modified:	29 Jul 2025 05:00
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/123216

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