Evaluasi Teknis dan Kinerja Unit Instalasi Pengolahan Air PERUMDA Air Minum Kota Palangka Raya

Rahmah, Rifky Annisa (2025) Evaluasi Teknis dan Kinerja Unit Instalasi Pengolahan Air PERUMDA Air Minum Kota Palangka Raya. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Ketersediaan air bersih yang memenuhi standar kualitas merupakan elemen fundamental dalam mendukung kesehatan masyarakat dan keberlanjutan pembangunan daerah. Di Kota Palangka Raya, PERUMDA Air Minum bertanggung jawab atas penyediaan layanan air bersih melalui pengoperasian tiga unit Instalasi Pengolahan Air (IPA) dengan total kapasitas produksi sebesar 225 liter/detik. Namun, tantangan teknis seperti ketidaksesuaian desain unit dengan standar yang berlaku, fluktuasi kualitas air produksi, dan keterbatasan dalam pengawasan operasional menghambat pencapaian pelayanan yang optimal. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan evaluasi menyeluruh terhadap aspek teknis dan operasional untuk meningkatkan efisiensi dan keandalan sistem pengolahan air. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan retro-commissioning untuk mengevaluasi kesesuaian desain unit dan kinerja aktual IPA PERUMDA Palangka Raya terhadap SNI 6774:2008 dan Permenkes No. 2 Tahun 2023. Evaluasi dilakukan terhadap seluruh unit pengolahan, yaitu intake, koagulasi, flokulasi, sedimentasi, filtrasi, dan disinfeksi. Pengumpulan data mencakup pengukuran dimensi fisik unit, observasi lapangan, wawancara dengan operator, pengujian laboratorium terhadap parameter kualitas air, serta analisis data sekunder dari dokumen teknis dan laporan operasional yang tersedia. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan beberapa indikator teknis belum memenuhi standar, seperti nilai GT proses koagulasi-flokulasi hanya 4,8×10⁴ (standar >10⁵), waktu tinggal sedimentasi kurang dari 2 jam, dan beban pelimpah mencapai 13,99 m³/m²/jam (melampaui batas 11 m³/m²/jam). Selain itu, kualitas air hasil filtrasi kurang stabil saat beban puncak, dengan sisa klor yang sering di bawah 0,2 mg/L. Kekeruhan air hasil produksi berkisar 2,35–3,90 NTU, yang sebagian melebihi ambang batas 3 NTU. Penggunaan bahan kimia seperti tawas dan kaporit belum berdasarkan uji laboratorium (jar test), yang berdampak pada efisiensi proses. Rekomendasi yang disusun mencakup perbaikan desain unit, optimalisasi dosis bahan kimia berbasis uji laboratorium, implementasi sistem pemantauan kualitas air otomatis, serta penguatan kapasitas laboratorium dan pelatihan operator. Seluruh rekomendasi teknis dan non-teknis tersebut diperkirakan memerlukan total biaya sebesar Rp81.500.000, yang diharapkan dapat menjadi dasar dalam penyusunan rencana peningkatan berkelanjutan sistem pengolahan air di PERUMDA Palangka Raya.
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The availability of clean water that meets quality standards is a fundamental element in supporting public health and sustainable regional development. In Palangka Raya City, the Regional Public Water Utility (PERUMDA) is responsible for providing clean water services through the operation of three Water Treatment Plants (WTPs) with a total production capacity of 225 liters per second. However, technical challenges such as noncompliance of unit designs with current standards, fluctuations in water quality, and limited operational oversight have hindered the achievement of optimal service delivery. Therefore, a comprehensive evaluation of the technical and operational aspects is necessary to enhance the efficiency and reliability of the water treatment system.This study employed a retro-commissioning approach to assess the conformity of the WTP unit designs and their actual performance with SNI 6774:2008 and the Indonesian Ministry of Health Regulation No. 2 of 2023. The evaluation covered all major treatment units, including intake, coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, filtration, and disinfection. Data collection methods included physical measurements of unit dimensions, field observations, interviews with operators, laboratory testing of water quality parameters, and analysis of secondary data from technical documents and operational reports. The evaluation results revealed several parameters that did not meet the standards, such as the GT value of the coagulation-flocculation process being only 4.8×10⁴ (below the >10⁵ standard), sedimentation detention time of less than 2 hours, and an overflow rate of 13.99 m³/m²/hour—exceeding the standard limit of 11 m³/m²/hour. Additionally, filtration performance was unstable during peak flow conditions, and residual chlorine levels were often below the minimum requirement of 0.2 mg/L. The turbidity of treated water ranged from 2.35 to 3.90 NTU, with some values exceeding the regulatory threshold of 3 NTU. Chemical usage, such as alum and chlorine, was not based on laboratory jar test results, leading to inefficiencies. The formulated recommendations include unit design improvements, optimization of chemical dosing based on laboratory testing, implementation of automated water quality monitoring systems, and enhanced laboratory capacity along with regular operator training. The total estimated cost for implementing these technical and non-technical recommendations is Rp81,500,000, which is expected to serve as a foundation for planning sustainable improvements to the PERUMDA Palangka Raya water treatment system.

Item Type:	Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Instalasi Pengolahan Air, Evaluasi teknis, Evaluasi kinerja, PERUMDA Air Minum Palangka Raya, Water Treatment Plant, technical evaluation, performance evaluation, PERUMDA Palangka Raya
Subjects:	T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD259.2 Drinking water. Water quality T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD430 Water--Purification. T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD433 Water treatment plants T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD455 Chemical precipitation. Coagulation. Flocculation. Water--Purification--Flocculation.
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Environmental Engineering > 25101-(S2) Master Thesis
Depositing User:	Rifky Annisa Rahmah
Date Deposited:	30 Jul 2025 07:04
Last Modified:	30 Jul 2025 07:04
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/123444

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