Investigasi Pengaruh Ammonium Cerium(IV) Nitrat (CAN) Dan Durasi Proses Curing Terhadap Sifat Balistik Dan Mekanik Propelan Cast Double Base (CDB)

Firdaus, Achmad Fadjar Maulana (2025) Investigasi Pengaruh Ammonium Cerium(IV) Nitrat (CAN) Dan Durasi Proses Curing Terhadap Sifat Balistik Dan Mekanik Propelan Cast Double Base (CDB). Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

Text 5011211001-Undergraduate_Thesis.pdf - Accepted Version Restricted to Repository staff only Download (9MB) | Request a copy

Abstract

Propelan double base merupakan bahan bakar padat yang tersusun dari nitroselulosa dan nitrogliserin sebagai bahan utamanya. Propelan ini umum digunakan pada motor reaksi dan generator gas, terutama pada aplikasi pertahanan yang membutuhkan propelan dengan karakteristik smokeless. Propelan double base saat ini umumnya menggunakan garam organik dari timbal untuk mengontrol laju pembakaran dari propelan double base. Mengingat adanya resiko kesehatan yang besar dalam penggunaan timbal, penelitian mengenai material lain yang dapat menggantikan timbal sebagai modifikator laju pembakaran sangatlah diperlukan. Cerium (IV) merupakan katalis yang efektif digunakan dalam mempercepat oksidasi senyawa-senyawa organik seperti alkohol dan aldehida, namun belum pernah digunakan dalam aplikasi propelan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengintegrasikan Ammonium Cerium (IV) Nitrat ke dalam propelan double base sebagai modifikator laju pembakaran. Metode inkorporasi Ammonium Cerium (IV) Nitrat (CAN) ke dalam propelan double base menggunakan metode cast double base, yang terdiri dari pencampuran komponen-komponen propelan double base dalam suatu cairan yang bukan merupakan pelarut dari komponen-komponen propelan, dilanjutkan oleh casting dengan bantuan tekanan hidrolik untuk membentuk grain propelan, serta diikuti oleh proses curing untuk menghomogenisasi propelan. Kadar CAN yang ditambahkan dalam propelan double base sebesar 0%wt, 4%wt, serta 8%wt, sedangkan waktu curing yang digunakan selama 2 hari, 4 hari, serta 6 hari. Secara fisikokimia, CAN tidak bereaksi secara kimia dengan komponen lain dalam propelan, melainkan berinteraksi secara fisis dan mengakibatkan penurunan keteraturan orde pendek dari matriks propelan. Adapun penambahan waktu curing pada awalnya menyebabkan propelan terhomogenisasi, namun menimbulkan cacat pada propelan setelah waktu optimal curing tercapai. Dalam aspek sifat mekanik, penambahan CAN menurunkan kekerasan dan kekuatan tarik dari propelan, sedangkan peningkatan waktu curing meningkatkan sifat-sifat tersebut. Dalam aspek termal dan balistik, CAN mengikat radikal NO∙ ketika propelan mengalami ignisi sehingga eksponen tekanan dari propelan berkurang dan suhu ignisi propelan meningkat. Propelan dengan karakteristik fisikokimia dan mekanik paling seimbang didapat pada propelan tanpa penambahan CAN dengan waktu curing 4 hari dengan densitas teoritis 95.3%, kekerasan 70 Shore A, dan kekuatan tekan 2.25 MPa. Adapun propelan dengan karakteristik balistik paling seimbang didapat pada propelan dengan penambahan CAN sebesar 4% yang memiliki suhu ignisi 186.27oC serta eksponen tekanan 0.317.
======================================================================================================================================
Double base propellant is a solid propellant that composed of nitrocellulose and nitroglycerin as its main component. This propellant is commonly used in in reaction motors and gas generators, mainly in defense applications that require a propellant with smokeless characteristics. Nowadays, organic salt of lead is used as one of the main additive to control the burning rate of double base propellant. Acknowledging the health hazard poised by lead to human health, many research has been done lately to replace lead salts as burning rate modifier for double base propellant. Cerium (IV) compounds is a group of catalyst that has been effectively used for expediting oxidation reactions in organic reactions such as aldehyde and alcohol, but have not been used in propellant applications. Therefore, this research is aimed to incorporate Ammonium Cerium (IV) Nitrate into double base propellant as burning rate modifier. Cast double base (CDB) method is used to incorporate Ammonium Cerium (IV) Nitrate (CAN) into double base propellant, which consists of the mixing of double base propellant component in a non-solvent, followed by casting with the help of hydraulic pressure to form the propellant grains, and finished with curing process to homogenize the propellant. The amount of CAN that is added into propellant is divided into 0%wt, 4%wt, and 8%wt CAN, while the allocated curing time consisted of 2 days, 4 days, and 6 days of curing time. In aspect of physicochemical properties, CAN only react physically with other components in propellant that results in the decrease of the short-range molecular order of propellant’s matrix without causing chemical reaction. Increasing the curing time effects in the homogenization of propellant. However, further increase in curing time beyond an optimal curing time caused defects in the propellant grains. From the mechanical properties perspective, CAN addition decreased hardness and compressive strength of propellant, while increasing curing time gave opposite effects. In the thermal and ballistic aspects, CAN inhibits the liberation of NO∙ radical while propellant is ignited, resulting in a lowered pressure exponent and an increased ignition temperature. A balance in physicochemical and mechanic characteristics is obtained by propellant without CAN addition cured for 4 days, with 95.3% theoritical density, 70 Shore A Hardness, and 2.25 MPa of compressive yield strength. As for ballistic properties, propellant with 4% CAN addition gave the most balanced performance, with a high ignition temperature of 186.27oC and a pressure exponent of 0.317.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Ammonium Cerium (IV) Nitrat, Material Energetik, Modifikator Laju Pembakaran, Propelan Cast double base, Ammonium Cerium (IV) Nitrate, Burning Rate Modifier, Cast double base Propellant, Energetic Materials
Subjects:	T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP1140 Polymers
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Material & Metallurgical Engineering > 28201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Achmad Fadjar Maulana Firdaus
Date Deposited:	30 Jul 2025 07:45
Last Modified:	30 Jul 2025 07:45
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/123823

Actions (login required)

View Item