Studi Eksperimen Pengaruh Persentase Serat Nanas terhadap Kekuatan Tarik dan Impak dari Biokomposit Hasil Proses Injection Molding

Arumtaun, Dafa Rizqi (2025) Studi Eksperimen Pengaruh Persentase Serat Nanas terhadap Kekuatan Tarik dan Impak dari Biokomposit Hasil Proses Injection Molding. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Peningkatan limbah plastik mendorong pengembangan material alternatif yang lebih ramah lingkungan. Biokomposit berbasis serat alami seperti serat nanas merupakan salah satu solusi yang potensial karena memiliki karakteristik mekanik yang baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh persentase serat nanas terhadap kekuatan tarik dan impak biokomposit berbasis polypropylene (PP). Serat nanas diproses melalui perlakuan alkali menggunakan larutan NaOH 5% selama 2 jam, dikeringkan pada suhu 110℃, kemudian dihaluskan dan diayak menggunakan mesh berukuran 80μm. Campuran serat nanas dan PP dengan penambahan 5% MAPP sebagai compatibilizer diproses menggunakan mesin ekstruder menjadi pelet dan kemudian dibentuk menjadi spesimen uji tarik ASTM D638-03 Tipe V dan uji impak ASTM D256-04 menggunakan mesin injection molding. Variasi persentase serat yang digunakan adalah 10%, 20%, dan 30% berat. Hasil eksperimen menunjukkan bahwa serat nanas memberikan pengaruh pada kekuatan tarik dan impak biokomposit. Kekuatan tarik biokomposit pada 10% serat adalah 34.91 〖N/mm〗^2. Kemudian, meningkat pada kompisisi 20% serat menjadi 35.09 〖N/mm〗^2. Sedangkan, pada komposisi 30% serat, nilai kekuatan tarik menurun menjadi 34.7 〖N/mm〗^2. Dari pengujian impak, didapatkan nilai kekuatan impak pada 10% serat adalah sebesar 1.96 〖kJ/m〗^2. Kemudian, meningkat pada komposisi 20% serat menjadi 2.26 〖kJ/m〗^2. Sedangkan, pada komposisi 30% serat, nilai kekuatan impak menurun menjadi 1.65 〖kJ/m〗^2. Penurunan kekuatan tarik dan impak pada persentase serat 30% disebabkan oleh aglomerasi serat serta keterbatasan matriks dalam melapisi seluruh serat secara merata. Hasil analisis statistik menggunakan one way ANOVA menunjukkan bahwa persentase serat tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kekuatan tarik, namun berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kekuatan impak. Pengamatan morfologi menggunakan SEM menunjukkan bahwa jumlah void paling sedikit terdapat pada pelet dan spesimen dengan komposisi serat 20% yang berkorelasi dengan performa mekanik tertinggi. Sehingga, biokomposit serat nanas memiliki potensi sebagai material alternatif yang ramah lingkungan dan sesuai untuk aplikasi non – struktural seperti komponen interior otomotif yaitu dashboard yang membutuhkan kekuatan tarik minimal 25 MPa serta ketahanan terhadap beban kejut yang membutuhkan kekuatan impak minimal 2 〖kJ/m〗^2.
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The increasing amount of plastic waste has driven the development of more environmentally friendly alternative materials. Natural fiber-based biocomposites, such as those reinforced with pineapple fibers, offer a promising solution due to their favorable mechanical properties. This study aims to investigate the effect of pineapple fiber content on the tensile and impact strength of polypropylene (PP)-based biocomposites. The pineapple fibers are processed through alkali treatment using 5% NaOH solution for 2 hours, dried at a temperature of 110 ℃, then ground and sieved using a mesh measuring 80 μm. The mixture of pineapple fiber and PP, with the addition of 5% maleic anhydride polypropylene (MAPP) as a compatibilizer, was processed into pellets using an extruder machine and subsequently molded into tensile specimens ASTM D638 – 03 type V and impact specimens ASTM D256 – 04 via injection molding. The fiber weight fractions used were 10%, 20%, and 30%. The experimental results showes that pineapple fiber has an effect on the tensile and impact strength of the biocomposites. The tensile strength of the biocomposites at 10% fiber is 34.91 〖N/mm〗^2. Then, it increases at a composition of 20% fiber to 35.09 〖N/mm〗^2. While, at a composition of 30% fiber, the tensile strength value decreases to 34.69 〖N/mm〗^2. From the impact test, the impact strength value at 10% fiber is 1.96 〖kJ/m〗^2. Then, it increases at a composition of 20% fiber to 2.26 〖kJ/m〗^2. Meanwhile, at a composition of 30% fiber, the impact strength value decreases to 1.65 〖kJ/m〗^2. The decrease in tensile and impact strength at 30% fiber percentage was caused by fiber agglomeration and the matrix’s limitations in coating all fibers evenly. Statistical analysis using one-way ANOVA indicated that fiber content did not significantly affect tensile strength, but had a significant effect on impact strength. Morphological analysis using SEM revealed that the lowest void content was found in the pellets and specimens with 20% fiber content, which correlated with the highest mechanical performance. Thus, pineapple fiber biocomposite has the potential as an environmentally friendly alternative material and is suitable for non-structural applications such as automotive interior components, namely dashboards, which require a minimum tensile strength of 25 MPa and resistance to shock loads that require a minimum impact strength of 2 〖kJ/m〗^2.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Biokomposit, Serat Nanas, Polypropylene (PP), Pelet, Injection Molding, Kekuatan Tarik, Kekuatan Impak, Void, Bio-composite, Pineapple Fiber, Polypropylene (PP), Pellets, Injection Molding, Tensile Strength, Impact Strength, Void
Subjects:	T Technology > TS Manufactures > TS161 Materials management. T Technology > TS Manufactures > TS176 Manufacturing engineering. Process engineering (Including manufacturing planning, production planning) T Technology > TS Manufactures > TS183 Manufacturing processes. Lean manufacturing.
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Mechanical Engineering > 21201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Dafa Rizqi Arumtaun
Date Deposited:	31 Jul 2025 06:09
Last Modified:	31 Jul 2025 06:09
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/124849

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