Pengaruh Infeksi Ganoderma boninense Terhadap Diversitas Fungi pada Media Tanam Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq)

Egidius, Lukas (2025) Pengaruh Infeksi Ganoderma boninense Terhadap Diversitas Fungi pada Media Tanam Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq). Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Indonesia adalah salah satu negara penghasil minyak kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis) terbesar di asia tenggara. Produksi minyak kelapa sawit mengalami penurunan, berdasarkan Badan Pusat Statistik, terjadi penurunan produksi kelapa sawit sebanyak 4.3% pada 2 tahun terakhir. Salah satu faktor pembatas utama penyebab penurunan produksi adalah infeksi Ganoderma boninense. G.boninense secara tidak langsung dapat mempengaruhi keanekaragaman fungi pada media tanam kelapa sawit. Oleh karena itu pada penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh G.boninense terhadap diversitas fungi pada media tanam dengan rentang waktu keberadaan 0 bulan dan 2 bulan. Media tanam yang digunakan adalah tanah dan pasir dengan perbandingan 1:1, media tanam di inokulasi dengan RWB, kemudian ditunggu hingga 2 bulan. Kemudian media tanam diambil dan di inokulasi pada media PDA dengan teknik pour plate, di inkubasi selama 7 hari. Koloni jamur yang tumbuh pada media di purifikasi, dan diamati secara makroskopis dan mikroskopis untuk mengetahui spesies fungi, dan dianalisis secara kualitatif deskriptif. Hasil analisis dilengkapi dengan data next generation sequencing (NGS). Hasil isolasi ditemukan 39 isolat yang berhasil dikultur, dengan genus Aspergillus, Trichoderma, dan Penicillium yang dominan, serta beberapa genus unik seperti Aureobasidium, Phialophora, dan Paecilomyces. Hasil NGS mengidentifikasi 278 Amplicon Sequence Variant (ASV) dengan didominasi kelompok jamur ascomycota. Hasil kultur dan NGS menunjukan adanya perubahan diversitas jamur dalam rentang waktu 0 bulan dan 2 bulan, dengan adanya penurunan 99% pada filum Basidiomycota sedangkan filum Ascomycota mengalami peningkatan sebesar 98% dan mendominasi. Ditemukan filum unik yang hanya ditemukan pada 2 bulan. Hasil kultur dan NGS menunjukan adanya perubahan signifikan pada komunitas fungi tanah (fungal community shift) akibat keberadaan G. boninense.
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Indonesia is one of the largest producers of palm oil (Elaeis guineensis) in Southeast Asia. Palm oil production has experienced a decline. According to the Central Bureau of Statistics, there has been a 4.3% decrease in palm oil production over the past two years. One of the main limiting factors causing this decline is infection by Ganoderma boninense. G. boninense can indirectly affect fungal diversity in the palm oil growing medium. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effect of G. boninense on fungal diversity in the planting medium over a time span of 0 months and 2 months. The planting medium used was a 1:1 mixture of soil and sand. The medium was inoculated with RWB (Rubber Wood Block) and left for 2 months. Afterward, the medium was sampled and inoculated onto PDA medium using the pour plate technique, then incubated for 7 days. The fungal colonies that grew on the medium were purified and observed macroscopically and microscopically to identify fungal species, followed by qualitative descriptive analysis. The analysis results were complemented with Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) data. A total of 39 isolates were successfully cultured, dominated by the genera Aspergillus, Trichoderma, and Penicillium, along with several unique genera such as Aureobasidium, Phialophora, and Paecilomyces. NGS results identified 278 Amplicon Sequence Variants (ASVs), dominated by the fungal group Ascomycota. Culture and NGS results showed changes in fungal diversity between 0 and 2 months, with a 99% reduction in the phylum Basidiomycota, while the phylum Ascomycota increased by 98% and became dominant. A unique phylum was also found exclusively at 2 months. Both culture and NGS results indicated a significant fungal community shift in the soil caused by the presence of G. boninense.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Diversity, G. boninense, NGS, Oil palm, Diversitas, Ganoderma boninense, Kelapa sawit, NGS
Subjects:	Q Science Q Science > QR Microbiology
Divisions:	Faculty of Science and Data Analytics (SCIENTICS) > Biology > 46201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Lukas Egidius
Date Deposited:	01 Aug 2025 01:49
Last Modified:	01 Aug 2025 01:49
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/125409

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