Studi Faktor Risiko Kesehatan Pohon Di Area Sumber Pakan Lutung Jawa (Trachypithecus auratus) Pada RPTN Coban Trisula, Taman Nasional Bromo Tengger Semeru

Mahfidia, Henita Awalul (2025) Studi Faktor Risiko Kesehatan Pohon Di Area Sumber Pakan Lutung Jawa (Trachypithecus auratus) Pada RPTN Coban Trisula, Taman Nasional Bromo Tengger Semeru. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Indonesia memiliki keanekaragaman hayati yang tinggi dimana salah satunya adalah keanekaragaman ekosistem hutan pegunungan yang menjadi habitat penting bagi primata endemik seperti Lutung Jawa (Trachypithecus auratus). Primata ini berstatus terancam punah (vulnerable) menurut IUCN dan tercantum dalam CITES Appendix II sebagai satwa yang dibatasi perdagangannya. Salah satu habitat alami Lutung Jawa berada di Taman Nasional Bromo Tengger Semeru (TNBTS) tepatnya terletak pada Resort Pengelolaan Taman Nasional (RPTN) Coban Trisula, Kabupaten Malang. Lutung Jawa diketahui memanfaatkan daun muda dari beberapa jenis pohon seperti Cemara Gunung (Casuarina junghuniana) dan pohon Pasang (Quercus gemelliflora) yang berada pada wilayah tersebut sebagai sumber pakan utama. Adapun jenis makananya terdiri dari 46 % dedaunan muda, 35 % buah, 7% bunga, 1% serangga. Dengan presentase tersebut sehingga dibutuhkan pemahaman mendalam mengenai vegetasi sebagai penyedia sumber pakan bagi lutung jawa (Trachypithecus auratus) guna keberlangsungan kehidupannya. Keadaan vegetasi ini dapat diukur dengan menggunakan metode ForestGeo Tree Mortality and Damage Protocol guna menilai adanya kerusakan hingga kematian pohon berdiameter ≥10 cm yang dilakukan secara berkala pada dua plot yang masing-masing berukuran 50x50m dengan parameter yang diamati adalah survival status, mode, living length, remaining crown, crown illumination, leaning, liana and stranglers, wounded main axis. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa pada plot 1 kategori faktor risiko rendah memiliki persentase sebesar 82,35% sedangkan 17,64% lainnya berada pada kategori faktor sedang. Ditemukan 34 individu pohon dengan 13 spesies termasuk kedalam pohon pakan. Sedangkan plot 2 memiliki persentase kategori faktor risiko rendah sebesar 59,45% dan terdapat peningkatan signifikan pada kategori sedang yang mencapai 40,54%. Pada plot 2 ditemukan 37 individu pohon dimana 11 spesies merupakan pohon pakan Lutung Jawa. Faktor-faktor penyebab peningkatan risiko tersebut bisa berasal dari persaingan antar kanopi pohon, tekanan organisme pengganggu, serta kurangnya paparan sinar matahari akibat tertutupi oleh pohon lain. Penelitian ini menegaskan pentingnya pemantauan kesehatan vegetasi sebagai upaya mendukung ketersediaan pakan alami bagi Lutung Jawa. Pendekatan konservasi vegetasi seperti pengendalian pertumbuhan liana, fungi dan stranglers, perlindungan batang serta penanaman kembali jenis pakan yang adaptif terhadap tekanan lingkungan diperlukan untuk memastikan keberlanjutan hidup jangka panjang primata endemik ini.
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Indonesia possesses a high level of biodiversity, one of which is the diversity of montane forest ecosystems that serve as critical habitats for endemic primates such as the Javan Lutung (Trachypithecus auratus). This primate species is currently classified as Vulnerable by the IUCN and is listed in CITES Appendix II, indicating that its trade is regulated. One of the natural habitats of the Javan Lutung is located within Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park (TNBTS), specifically in the Coban Trisula Resort Management Section (RPTN) in Malang Regency. The Javan Lutung is known to rely on young leaves from several tree species, such as Casuarina junghuhniana and Quercus gemelliflora, as primary food sources within this area. Its diet comprises approximately 46% young leaves, 35% fruit, 7% flowers, and 1% insects. Given this dietary composition, a comprehensive understanding of the vegetation that provides food resources for Trachypithecus auratus is essential for its long-term survival. The condition of the vegetation can be assessed using the ForestGEO Tree Mortality and Damage Protocol, which evaluates tree damage and mortality for individuals with a diameter ≥10 cm. This study was conducted periodically in two plots, each measuring 50×50 meters, with the following parameters observed: survival status, mode, living length, remaining crown, crown illumination, leaning, liana and stranglers, and wounded main axis. The results show that in Plot 1, the low-risk health category accounted for 82.35%, while the remaining 17.64% fell under the moderate-risk category. A total of 34 individual trees were identified, encompassing 13 species, including food trees. In contrast, Plot 2 showed a lower proportion in the low-risk category (59.45%) and a significant increase in the moderate-risk category (40.54%). There were 37 individual trees recorded in Plot 2, representing 11 food tree species utilized by the Javan Lutung. The factors contributing to the increased risk include canopy competition, biotic stress from parasitic organisms, and limited sunlight exposure due to shading from surrounding trees. This study underscores the importance of vegetation health monitoring as a key strategy to support the availability of natural food sources for the Javan Lutung. Conservation approaches such as the control of liana, fungi, and strangler growth, trunk protection, and replanting of food tree species that are adaptive to environmental stressors are essential to ensure the long-term sustainability of this endemic primate species.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Coban Trisula, Faktor Risiko, Hutan, Kesehatan Pohon, Lutung Jawa, Coban Trisula, Risk Factors, Forest, Tree Health, Javan Langur.
Subjects:	Q Science > QH Biology > QH541 Ecology
Divisions:	Faculty of Science and Data Analytics (SCIENTICS) > Biology > 46201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Henita Awalul Mahfidia
Date Deposited:	01 Aug 2025 08:34
Last Modified:	01 Aug 2025 08:34
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/126094

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