Upaya Peningkatan Oksigen Terlarut dan Penyisihan Polutan Melalui Preklorinasi dan Aerasi di IPAM Ngagel III

Hafizah, Nor (2025) Upaya Peningkatan Oksigen Terlarut dan Penyisihan Polutan Melalui Preklorinasi dan Aerasi di IPAM Ngagel III. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

IPAM Ngagel III memanfaatkan air baku dari Kali Surabaya yang tergolong kelas II sesuai Peraturan Gubernur Jawa Timur Nomor 61 Tahun 2010. Namun, adanya temuan menunjukkan kualitas air baku pada IPAM Ngagel III mengalami penurunan. Penurunan kualitas air baku ini berdampak pada efisiensi pengolahan, meningkatkan biaya produksi, dan menurunkan kualitas air hasil produksi. Melalui proses preklorinasi dan aerasi diketahui dapat meningkatkan kualitas dengan meningkatkan kandungan oksigen dan mengoksidasi polutan yang terdapat pada air. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas proses preklorinasi dan aerasi dalam meningkatkan kadar dissolved oxygen (DO) serta menyisihkan polutan, seperti chemical oxygen demand (COD), nilai permanganat (PV), amonium, nitrit, nitrat, besi (Fe) terlarut, dan kekeruhan.Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen laboratorium dengan variasi durasi aerasi menggunakan aerator mekanis dan dosis kaporit untuk preklorinasi. Variasi ditentukan berdasarkan penelitian terdahulu dan hasil penelitian pendahuluan yang akan dilakukan. Sampel air diambil dari kanal IPAM Ngagel III dan diuji untuk parameter dissolved oxygen (DO), chemical oxygen demand (COD), nilai permanganat (PV), amonium, nitrit, nitrat, besi (Fe) terlarut, pH, suhu, dan kekeruhan. Proses preklorinasi dan aerasi dilakukan secara sistematis sebelum masuk ke proses koagulasi-flokulasi yang di dilakukan dengan metode jar test untuk mengevaluasi efisiensi penyisihan polutan dan pengurangan dosis optimum koagulan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, kualitas air baku IPAM Ngagel III diketahui tidak memenuhi baku mutu Sungai Kelas II khususnya pada parameter dissolved oxygen (DO) dan amonium. Setelah melalui kanal yang dilengkapi aerator didapatkan temuan bahwa beberapa parameter mengalami penurunan, yaitu chemical oxygen demand (COD), nilai permanganat (PV), amonium, dan nitrit, dan peningkatan konsentrasi untuk parameter dissolved oxygen (DO), kekeruhan, besi terlarut, dan nitrat. Penerapan kombinasi pengolahan berupa aerasi selama 15 menit dan preklorinasi menunjukkan efektivitas yang cukup baik, dengan kemampuan peningkatan oksigen dari 1,2 mg/L menjadi 6,5 mg/L, lalu penyisihan COD sebesar 36%, nilai permanganat (PV) 29%, amonium 39%, nitrit 83%, besi terlarut 90%, dan kekeruhan 11%, meskipun terjadi peningkatan nitrat sebesar 65% akibat proses nitrifikasi. Selain itu, kombinasi pengolahan ini juga mampu meningkatkan efisiensi penggunaan bahan kimia, terbukti dengan penghematan dosis koagulan PAC sebesar 12,50% pada kondisi kekeruhan sekitar 70 NTU, sehingga menjadikannya alternatif pengolahan yang cukup efektif dan efisien dalam meningkatkan kualitas air baku.
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IPAM Ngagel III utilizes raw water from the Surabaya River, which is classified as Class II in accordance with Peraturan Gubernur Jawa Timur Nomor 61 Tahun 2010. However, findings indicate that the quality of the raw water at IPAM Ngagel III has declined. This deterioration in raw water quality affects treatment efficiency, increases production costs, and reduces the quality of the treated water. Pre-chlorination and aeration processes are known to improve water quality by increasing dissolved oxygen content and oxidizing pollutants present in the water. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of pre-chlorination and aeration in increasing dissolved oxygen (DO) levels and removing pollutants such as chemical oxygen demand (COD), permanganate value (PV), ammonium, nitrite, nitrate, dissolved iron (Fe), and turbidity. This study employs a laboratory experimental method with variations in aeration duration using a mechanical aerator and variations in chlorine (calcium hypochlorite) dosage for pre-chlorination. The variations are determined based on previous studies and preliminary research results. Water samples are collected from the IPAM Ngagel III canal and tested for dissolved oxygen (DO), chemical oxygen demand (COD), permanganate value (PV), ammonium, nitrite, nitrate, dissolved iron (Fe), pH, temperature, and turbidity parameters. Prechlorination and aeration processes are carried out systematically before entering the coagulation-flocculation process, which is conducted using the jar test method to evaluate pollutant removal efficiency and to determine the optimum reduction in coagulant dosage. Based on the results, the raw water quality at IPAM Ngagel III does not meet the Class II river water quality standards, particularly in terms of dissolved oxygen (DO) and ammonium parameters. After passing through the canal equipped with an aerator, it was found that several parameters decreased, including chemical oxygen demand (COD), permanganate value (PV), ammonium, and nitrite, while increases were observed in dissolved oxygen (DO), turbidity, dissolved iron, and nitrate. The application of a combined treatment consisting of 15 minutes of aeration and pre-chlorination showed considerable effectiveness, increasing dissolved oxygen levels from 1.2 mg/L to 6.5 mg/L, and achieving removals of COD by 36%, permanganate value (PV) by 29%, ammonium by 39%, nitrite by 83%, dissolved iron by 90%, and turbidity by 11%, although nitrate increased by 65% due to the nitrification process. In addition, this combined treatment also improved chemical usage efficiency, as evidenced by a 12.50% reduction in PAC coagulant dosage at a turbidity level of approximately 70 NTU, making it an effective and efficient alternative treatment to improve raw water quality.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Aerasi, Dosis Koagulan, IPAM Ngagel III, Preklorinasi Aeration, Coagulant Dose, IPAM Ngagel III, Prechlorination
Subjects:	T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD259.2 Drinking water. Water quality
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil Engineering and Planning > Environment Engineering > 25201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Nor Hafizah
Date Deposited:	04 Aug 2025 11:40
Last Modified:	04 Aug 2025 11:40
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/126226

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