Rancang Bangun Turbin Air Sumbu Vertikal Sebagai Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Arus Air

Chanafi, Machfud Dwi (2025) Rancang Bangun Turbin Air Sumbu Vertikal Sebagai Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Arus Air. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan merancang dan menganalisis kinerja simulator Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Arus Air berbasis turbin Savonius sumbu vertikal dengan variasi jumlah stage. Turbin dirancang dalam dua konfigurasi: stage 1 dan stage 2, dengan dimensi diameter 12 cm dan tinggi 6,45 cm. Pengujian dilakukan pada open channel dengan variasi kecepatan arus air 0,31 m/s, 0,30 m/s, dan 0,27 m/s, serta dua jenis beban (fan DC 12V dan 24V). Hasil eksperimen menunjukkan bahwa turbin stage 2 menghasilkan kinerja lebih unggul dibandingkan stage 1. Pada kecepatan 0,31 m/s dengan beban 12V, stage 2 menghasilkan rata-rata daya 451,49 mW, sementara stage 1 memiliki rata-rata 448,32 mW. Pada kecepatan terendah (0,27 m/s), stage 2 tetap stabil dengan output 451,96 mW (beban 12V) dan 702,30 mW (beban 24V), sedangkan stage 1 mengalami penurunan signifikan menjadi 189,34 mW (beban 12V) dan 403,66 mW (beban 24V). Turbin stage 2 juga menunjukkan stabilitas putaran lebih baik pada seluruh rentang kecepatan, dengan rata-rata kecepatan putar 37,25 Rpm pada aliran rendah, dibandingkan stage 1 yang cenderung tidak stabil. Simulator dilengkapi sistem monitoring real-time berbasis sensor INA219 (arus-tegangan) dan LM393 (kecepatan putar) yang terintegrasi dengan LabVIEW, serta sistem kontrol open loop untuk mengatur kecepatan pompa. Penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa penambahan jumlah bilah meningkatkan efisiensi turbin Savonius pada aliran air rendah, menjadikannya solusi potensial untuk lokasi perairan dangkal. Kendala utama terletak pada desain open channel yang menyebabkan kenaikan level air berbanding terbalik dengan kecepatan putar turbin, sehingga rekomendasi pengembangan difokuskan pada optimasi saluran uji dan penambahan sensor kecepatan air.
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This research aims to design and analyze the performance of a Vertical Axis Savonius Turbine-based Water Current Power Plant simulator with variations in the number of stages. The turbine was designed in two configurations: stage 1 and stage 2, with dimensions of 12 cm in diameter and 6.45 cm in height. Testing was conducted in an open channel with variations in water current velocity (0.31 m/s, 0.30 m/s, and 0.27 m/s) and two load types (12V DC fan and 24V DC fan). The experimental results show that the stage 2 turbine outperformed the stage 1 turbine. At a velocity of 0.31 m/s with a 12V load, stage 2 produced an average power of 451.49 mW, while stage 1 produced an average of 448.32 mW. At the lowest velocity (0.27 m/s), stage 2 remained stable with outputs of 451.96 mW (12V load) and 702.30 mW (24V load), whereas stage 1 experienced a significant decrease to 189.34 mW (12V load) and 403.66 mW (24V load). The stage 2 turbine also demonstrated better rotational stability across the entire velocity range, with an average rotational speed of 37.25 RPM under low flow, compared to stage 1 which tended to be unstable. The simulator is equipped with a real-time monitoring system based on the INA219 sensor (current-voltage) and the LM393 sensor (rotational speed), integrated with LabVIEW, as well as an open-loop control system to regulate the pump speed. This research proves that increasing the number of blades enhances the efficiency of the Savonius turbine in low water flow, making it a potential solution for shallow water locations. The main constraint lies in the open channel design causing a water level rise inversely proportional to the turbine's rotational speed; therefore, development recommendations focus on optimizing the test channel and adding a water velocity sensor.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Arus Air, Turbin Savonius, Stage Turbin, Open Channel, Energi Terbarukan Hydropower Plant, Savonius Turbine, Stage Turbine, Open Channel, Renewable Energy
Subjects:	Q Science > QC Physics > QC100.5 Measuring instruments (General) T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ870 Hydraulic turbines. T Technology > TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering > TK1519.S68 Hydroelectric power plants
Divisions:	Faculty of Vocational > Instrumentation Engineering
Depositing User:	Machfud Dwi Chanafi
Date Deposited:	04 Aug 2025 06:33
Last Modified:	04 Aug 2025 06:33
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/126683

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