Pengembangan Material Komposit Magnet Lunak (Soft Magnetic Composite) Berbasis Material Besi Nitrida

Sidharta, Indra (2025) Pengembangan Material Komposit Magnet Lunak (Soft Magnetic Composite) Berbasis Material Besi Nitrida. Doctoral thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Motor listrik axial brushless direct current (BLDC) sebagai penggerak kendaraan listrik umumnya menggunakan baja silikon impor sebagai inti stator. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan material komposit magnet lunak (soft magnetic composite - SMC) berbahan dasar besi nitrida yang disintesis dari pasir besi lokal sebagai alternatif pengganti baja silikon. Pengembangan dilakukan dalam dua tahap: sintesis serbuk besi nitrida dan fabrikasi SMC. Sintesis besi nitrida menggunakan metode kopresipitasi untuk mendapatkan Fe3O4 skala nanometer, dilanjutkan proses gas nitriding NH3 pada serbuk Fe2O3 dan Fe3O4 pada 500-700 °C. Hasil nitridasi menunjukkan pembentukan fasa Fe3N dari serbuk awal Fe2O3 dan fasa Fe4N serta Fe3N dari Fe3O4, dengan morfologi lamellar tidak beraturan. Fabrikasi SMC melibatkan phosphate coating, pencampuran resin phenolic dan zinc stearate, serta kompaksi pada tekanan bervariasi, diakhiri perlakuan panas annealing. SMC berbasis besi nitrida dari serbuk awal Fe2O3 berhasil difabrikasi, meskipun sifat magnetiknya masih rendah. Hal ini diakibatkan oleh residu pengotor besi oksida dalam serbuk besi nitrida serta terjadinya oksidasi selama proses annealing, yang berdampak pada penurunan nilai saturasi magnet. Penelitian ini menunjukkan potensi pasir besi lokal sebagai bahan baku material magnet lunak, membuka jalan bagi pengembangan komponen motor BLDC mandiri di masa depan.
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Axial brushless direct current (BLDC) electric motors, commonly used as electric vehicle powertrains, typically utilize imported silicon steel as their stator core. This research aims to develop a soft magnetic composite (SMC) material based on iron nitride, synthesized from local iron sand, as an alternative to silicon steel. The development was conducted in two stages: iron nitride powder synthesis and SMC fabrication. Iron nitride synthesis employed the coprecipitation method to obtain nanometer-scale Fe3O4, followed by a gas nitriding process using NH3 on Fe2O3 and Fe3O4 powders at 500-700 °C. The nitridation results showed the formation of the Fe3N phase from the initial Fe2O3 powder, and both Fe4N and Fe3N phases from Fe3O4, exhibiting irregular lamellar morphology. SMC fabrication involved phosphate coating, mixing with phenolic resin and zinc stearate, and compaction at varying pressures, concluded by an annealing heat treatment. Iron nitride-based SMC, derived from initial Fe2O3 powder, was successfully fabricated, although its magnetic properties remained low. This was attributed to residual iron oxide impurities in the iron nitride powder and oxidation occurring during the annealing process, which led to a decrease in magnetic saturation values. This research demonstrates the potential of local iron sand as a raw material for soft magnetic materials, paving the way for the future development of independent BLDC motor components.

Item Type:	Thesis (Doctoral)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	motor listrik, besi nitrida, pasir besi, Fe3O4, Fe2O3, gas nitriding, Fe3N, Fe4N, electric motor, soft magnetic composite, iron nitride, iron sand
Subjects:	Q Science > QC Physics > QC765 Magnetic materials
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Mechanical Engineering > 21001-(S3) PhD Thesis
Depositing User:	Indra Sidharta
Date Deposited:	05 Aug 2025 01:23
Last Modified:	05 Aug 2025 01:23
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/126809

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