Perancangan Prototipe Monitoring On Load Tap Changer Menggunakan Protokol MQTT

Rosyida, Haydar (2025) Perancangan Prototipe Monitoring On Load Tap Changer Menggunakan Protokol MQTT. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Proyek akhir dengan judul "Perancangan Prototipe Monitoring On Load Tap Changer Menggunakan Protokol MQTT" sebagai simulasi pengujian terhadap fungsi AVR pada transformator distribusi. Sistem dirancang dengan menggabungkan sensor tegangan, mikrokontroler ESP32, protokol komunikasi MQTT, serta antarmuka visualisasi Node-RED, yang berfungsi untuk memantau dan mencatat perubahan posisi tap secara otomatis dan waktu nyata. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian perangkat keras, nilai tegangan yang dibaca oleh prototipe tap changer menunjukkan error pengukuran dalam rentang 0,07% hingga 0,67%, dengan rata-rata error di bawah 0,30%. Sedangkan hasil pembacaan tegangan pada perangkat SIPROTEC menunjukkan nilai yang sangat mendekati nilai referensi dari injektor, dengan persentase error antara 0,04% hingga 0,70%. Secara keseluruhan, deviasi atau kesalahan pengukuran tegangan pada kedua perangkat berada di bawah 1%, yang menandakan bahwa akurasi sistem berada dalam batas toleransi yang dapat diterima untuk aplikasi monitoring non-presisi. Pada pengujian performa perpindahan tap, selisih antara waktu aktual dan waktu referensi menghasilkan deviasi waktu antara 1,90 detik hingga 2,85 detik, dengan rata-rata deviasi sebesar 2,48 detik. Artinya, sistem membutuhkan waktu tambahan rata-rata hampir 2,5 detik untuk menyelesaikan proses perpindahan dari satu tap ke tap berikutnya. Meskipun deviasi terhadap sinyal referensi tergolong tinggi, namun waktu total perpindahan tap tersebut masih berada dalam kisaran waktu operasi OLTC konvensional, yaitu antara 3 hingga 10 detik. Selanjutnya, pengukuran Quality of Service (QoS) dari protokol MQTT pada jaringan nirkabel (Wi-Fi) selama jam-jam kerja aktif menunjukkan bahwa seluruh nilai delay yang terukur berada dalam rentang 52,685 ms hingga 84,041 ms. Berdasarkan standar TIPHON, nilai delay di bawah 150 ms dikategorikan sebagai "Sangat Baik". Namun demikian, nilai jitter yang terukur berada dalam rentang 52 ms hingga 84 ms, yang menurut standar TIPHON dikategorikan sebagai "Sedang" hingga "Buruk". Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa meskipun waktu keterlambatan pengiriman data relatif kecil, ketidakteraturan antar paket data cukup tinggi pada beberapa waktu tertentu, terutama pada jam-jam sibuk seperti pukul 10.00, 14.00, dan 18.00 WIB.
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Final project titled “Designing an On Load Tap Changer Monitoring Prototype Using the MQTT Protocol” as a simulation platform to test the functionality of the Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) in distribution transformers. The system is designed by integrating a voltage sensor, an ESP32 microcontroller, the MQTT communication protocol, and a Node-RED visualization interface to automatically and in real-time monitor and record tap position changes. Based on the hardware testing results, the voltage values read by the tap changer prototype showed measurement errors ranging from 0.07% to 0.67%, with an average error below 0.30%. Meanwhile, voltage readings from the SIPROTEC device were very close to the reference values provided by the injector, with an error percentage between 0.04% and 0.70%. Overall, the voltage measurement deviations of both devices remained below 1%, indicating that the system’s accuracy is within the acceptable tolerance range for non-precision monitoring applications. In the tap change performance test, the difference between actual time and reference time resulted in a deviation ranging from 1.90 seconds to 2.85 seconds, with an average deviation of 2.48 seconds. This means the system requires an additional average time of nearly 2.5 seconds to complete the transition from one tap position to another. Although this deviation from the reference signal is relatively high, the total tap switching time remains within the conventional OLTC operation range of 3 to 10 seconds. Furthermore, the Quality of Service (QoS) measurement of the MQTT protocol on a wireless (Wi-Fi) network during peak working hours showed that all measured delay values ranged from 52.685 ms to 84.041 ms. According to the TIPHON standard, delays below 150 ms fall into the "Excellent" category. However, the measured jitter values ranged from 52 ms to 84 ms, which, based on TIPHON, fall into the "Fair" to "Poor" category. This indicates that, although the transmission delay is relatively low, packet timing irregularities were noticeably high during certain periods, particularly at peak times such as 10:00 AM, 2:00 PM, and 6:00 PM local time.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	AVR, MQTT, OLTC, Tap Posisi, Tap Changer, Transformator, Position Tap, Tap Changer, Transformator
Subjects:	T Technology > T Technology (General) > T58.8 Productivity. Efficiency T Technology > TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering > TK1007 Electric power systems control T Technology > TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering > TK3070 Automatic control
Divisions:	Faculty of Vocational > 36304-Automation Electronic Engineering
Depositing User:	Haydar Rosyida
Date Deposited:	05 Aug 2025 04:09
Last Modified:	05 Aug 2025 04:09
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/127249

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