Formulasi Kebijakan Publik Adaptif Untuk Meningkatkan Resiliensi Permukiman Kumuh Terhadap Biological Hazards Di Kota Surabaya

Putri, Putri Rizky Fadilla (2025) Formulasi Kebijakan Publik Adaptif Untuk Meningkatkan Resiliensi Permukiman Kumuh Terhadap Biological Hazards Di Kota Surabaya. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Permukiman kumuh menghadapi tantangan besar akibat biological hazards, seperti pandemi COVID-19, yang berdampak signifikan pada kesehatan masyarakat dan kondisi sosial-ekonomi. Sebagai jenis bencana temporal, biological hazards memiliki pola kemunculan yang dapat berulang, sehingga memerlukan strategi mitigasi yang komprehensif untuk mengurangi risiko di masa depan. Meskipun COVID-19 tidak lagi menjadi fokus utama, virus ini merupakan contoh penting dari biological hazards yang termasuk kategori bencana temporal dan dapat terulang dengan pola yang sama dengan penyakit menular lainnya, seperti influenza dan Ebola. Pengalaman dari pandemi COVID-19 memberikan pembelajaran penting dalam merumuskan kebijakan yang tanggap terhadap krisis kesehatan serupa di masa mendatang, dengan menyoroti kebutuhan respons kesehatan yang cepat, serta dampaknya terhadap tatanan sosial dan ruang hidup. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merumuskan kebijakan publik yang adaptif guna meningkatkan ketahanan permukiman kumuh di Surabaya terhadap bahaya biologis yang lebih tanggap dan resilient dalam merespon ancaman biological hazards di masa depan berdasarkan City Resilient Index (CRI). Penggunaan CRI memberikan kerangka komprehensif untuk menilai kemampuan kota dalam menghadapi berbagai risiko, termasuk biological hazards, dengan mengintegrasikan aspek kesehatan, sosial, dan infrastruktur ke dalam evaluasi resiliensi Metodologi penelitian ini menggabungkan pendekatan kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Data dikumpulkan melalui survei kepada masyarakat di kawasan permukiman kumuh dengan menggunakan metode Likert Weighted Means Score, wawancara mendalam dengan pemangku kepentingan, serta analisis dokumen kebijakan. Sampel penelitian mencakup kawasan permukiman kumuh di Surabaya yang memiliki tingkat kekumuhan dan paparan COVID-19 tertinggi. Analisis data meliputi uji validitas dan reliabilitas, penilaian resiliensi berbasis CRI, analisis komparatif, evaluasi kebijakan publik yang telah diterapkan, serta formulasi rekomendasi kebijakan adaptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun terdapat perbaikan di beberapa aspek resiliensi pasca-pandemi, sejumlah variabel justru mengalami penurunan signifikan, terutama pada sektor kesehatan, pola hidup sehat, kesiapan logistik bencana, dan infrastruktur dasar seperti air bersih, fasilitas kesehatan, serta ruang isolasi darurat. Berdasarkan analisis mendalam (content analysis) terhadap berbagai variabel resiliensi di enam kelurahan di Surabaya, peneliti menemukan 15 variabel prioritas yang menunjukkan penurunan skor dan memerlukan perhatian lebih. Penurunan ini mengindikasikan bahwa meskipun ada perbaikan selama pandemi, ketahanan jangka panjang tetap perlu diperkuat. Selain itu, evaluasi terhadap implementasi kebijakan publik adaptif melalui Program Intergrasi Perbaikan Rutilahu menunjukkan bahwa program ini berhasil memperbaiki kualitas hunian masyarakat berpenghasilan rendah, namun masih menghadapi tantangan dalam mendukung resiliensi biological hazards karena terbatasnya integrasi sanitasi komunal, edukasi kesehatan, ventilasi, kesiapan logistik bencana, serta koordinasi lintas sektor yang belum terpadu. Berdasarkan temuan ini, arahan kebijakan publik adaptif yang disusun menekankan strategi pada empat fase manajemen risiko bencana, yakni: mitigasi dengan pembangunan infrastruktur tahan bencana dan tata kelola lahan yang lebih baik; kesiapsiagaan melalui edukasi, logistik darurat, dan sistem peringatan dini; tanggap darurat dengan evakuasi cepat, pelayanan medis, dan koordinasi lintas sektor; serta fase pemulihan yang mencakup rehabilitasi infrastruktur, penguatan ekonomi, dan pembelajaran kebijakan. Adapun untuk arahan kebijakan ini juga berdasarkan 3 karakter resiliensi yakni learning and adaptation, absorb shock, dan bounce back. Pendekatan adaptif dan kolaboratif ini diharapkan dapat memperkuat pembangunan berkelanjutan sekaligus meningkatkan ketahanan masyarakat permukiman kumuh menghadapi potensi bencana biologis di masa mendatang.
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Slum settlements face major challenges due to biological hazards, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, which have had significant impacts on public health and socio-economic conditions. As a type of temporal disaster, biological hazards tend to recur, requiring comprehensive mitigation strategies to reduce future risks. Although COVID-19 is no longer the main focus, it serves as an important example of a biological hazard that falls into the category of temporal disasters and can reoccur in patterns similar to other infectious diseases, such as influenza and Ebola. The experience gained from the COVID-19 pandemic provides valuable lessons in formulating responsive policies to address similar health crises in the future, highlighting the need for rapid health responses and the impacts on social structures and living spaces. This study aims to formulate adaptive public policies to enhance the resilience of slum settlements in Surabaya, making them more responsive and robust in facing future biological hazards based on the City Resilience Index (CRI). The CRI provides a comprehensive framework for assessing a city’s capacity to cope with various risks, including biological hazards, by integrating health, social, and infrastructure aspects into resilience evaluation. The research used a mixed-method approach, combining quantitative and qualitative techniques. Data were collected through surveys using the Likert Weighted Means Score method among residents in slum areas, in-depth interviews with stakeholders, and policy document analysis. The research sample targeted slum areas in Surabaya with the highest levels of slum severity and COVID-19 exposure. Data analysis included validity and reliability testing, CRI-based resilience assessment, comparative analysis, evaluation of existing public policies, and formulation of adaptive policy recommendations. The results showed that although there were improvements in several resilience aspects after the pandemic, some variables experienced significant declines, particularly in health, healthy lifestyle practices, disaster logistics preparedness, and basic infrastructure such as clean water, health facilities, and centralized emergency isolation spaces. Based on an in-depth analysis of various resilience variables in six sub-districts in Surabaya, the study identified 15 priority variables with declining scores that require further attention. This decline indicates that despite improvements during the pandemic, long-term resilience still needs to be strengthened. In addition, the evaluation of the adaptive public policy implementation through the “Dandan Omah” program showed that while the program successfully improved the quality of housing for low-income residents, it still faces challenges in supporting resilience against biological hazards due to limited integration of communal sanitation, health education, ventilation, disaster logistics preparedness, and cross-sectoral coordination. Based on these findings, the proposed adaptive public policy directions emphasize strategies across the four phases of disaster risk management, namely: mitigation through the development of disaster-resilient infrastructure and improved land governance; preparedness through education, emergency logistics, and early warning systems; emergency response through rapid evacuation, medical services, and cross-sector coordination; and the recovery phase, which includes infrastructure rehabilitation, economic strengthening, and policy learning. These policy directions are also grounded in the three characteristics of resilience: learning and adaptation, absorbing shocks, and bouncing back. This adaptive and collaborative approach is expected to strengthen sustainable development while enhancing the resilience of communities in informal settlements in facing potential biological disasters in the future.

Item Type:	Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Biological Hazards, Kebijakan Publik, Permukiman Kumuh, Manajemen Penanggulangan Bencana, Resiliensi ; Biological Hazards, Disaster Risk Management, Public Policy, Slum Settlements, Resilience
Subjects:	H Social Sciences > HT Communities. Classes. Races > HT133 City and Towns. Land use,urban
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Regional & Urban Planning > 35101-(S2) Master Thesis
Depositing User:	Putri Rizky Fadilla
Date Deposited:	05 Aug 2025 10:12
Last Modified:	05 Aug 2025 10:12
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/127429

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