Triswiranto, Bagus Median (2025) Desain Konseptual dan Pola Operasi Kapal Pandu Listrik untuk Pelabuhan: Studi Kasus Pelabuhan Tanjung Perak. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
SPJM merupakan sub Pelindo jasa maritim mendorong penerapan green shipping di seluruh terminal melalui pengelolaan layanan marine, dengan melakukan pengurangan penggunaan BBM dan beralih ke penggunaan energi yang lebih bersih (EBT). salah satu Langkah yang ditempuh adalah melakukan elektrifikasi di kapal dan peralatan Pelabuhan. Strategi ini juga sejalan dengan pengurangan emisi gas di Pelabuhan yaitu mempercepat Nett Zero Emission Indonesia. Di sisi lain ketidakpastian harga BBM berdampak kepada kegiatan Pelabuhan khususnya pandu dan tunda, kenaikan harga ini membuat biaya operasional kapal pandu menjadi tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menjadi Solusi atas masalah biaya BBM yang tinggi dan pengurangan emisi gas. Dalam penelitian ini, fokus utamanya ada pada proses desain kapal pandu Listrik, analisis kelayakan investasi, Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR), analisis pengurangan emisi gas di pelabuhan dan skenario pergantian armada kapal pandu Listrik. Dalam proses desain kapal terdapat 4 jenis kapal yaitu mesin inboard baterai build-in, mesin outboard baterai build-in, mesin inboard baterai removable, dan mesin outboard baterai removable. Hasil penelitian menunjukan dari 4 jenis kapal, jenis kapal yang paling layak digunakan adalah mesin inboard baterai removable dengan jumlah penambahan 7 kapal. Total biaya kapal sebesar Rp 3.962.665.811 per tahun dan nilai investasi kapalnya senilai Rp 13.481.649.716 per kapal. Kapal ini dapat beroperasi selama 18 jam, karena baterai removable sehingga baterai bisa di ganti. Skenario yang paling layak di aplikasikan di Pelabuhan Tanjung Perak dangan melihat proyeksi shipcall selama 20 tahun (2025-2044) penggunaan 100% kapal pandu Listrik. Memiliki nilai NPV terbesar dari anara skenario lainnya senilai Rp 119.825.783.888 dan nilai BCR sebesar 1,49. Dengan penggunaan skenario ini pengurangan emisi gas sebesar 13.665 ton Co2 selama 20 tahun atau 6.633 ton Co2 per tahun.
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SPJM is a subsidiary of Pelindo Maritime Services that promotes the implementation of green shipping across all terminals through marine service management, by reducing fuel consumption and switching to cleaner energy sources. One of the steps taken is to electrify ships and port equipment. This strategy aligns with port emissions reduction efforts, particularly accelerating Indonesia's Net Zero Emissions target. On the other hand, fuel price volatility impacts port operations, especially piloting and towing services, as rising prices increase operational costs for pilot vessels. This study aims to provide solutions to high fuel costs and emissions reduction challenges. In this study, the primary focus is on the design process of electric pilot boats, investment feasibility analysis, benefit-cost ratio (BCR), analysis of gas emission reduction at the port, and scenarios for replacing the pilot boat fleet with electric vessels. In the design process, there are four types of vessels: inboard battery-powered with built-in batteries, outboard battery-powered with built-in batteries, inboard battery-powered with removable batteries, and outboard battery-powered with removable batteries. The research results indicate that out of the four types of vessels, the most feasible type to use is the removable inboard battery engine with an additional 7 vessels. The total annual cost of the vessels is IDR 3,962,665,811, and the investment value per vessel is IDR 13,481,649,716. These vessels can operate for 18 hours, as the batteries are removable and can be replaced. The most feasible scenario to apply at Tanjung Perak Port is based on the projection of ship calls over 20 years (2025-2044) with 100% use of electric pilot vessels. This scenario has the highest NPV among all scenarios, amounting to Rp 119,825,783,888, and a BCR of 1.49. With this scenario, CO2 emissions would be reduced by 13,665 tons over 20 years, or 6,633 tons per year.
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