Pengaruh Suhu pada Sintesis Asetin dari Gliserol Produk Samping Biodiesel dengan Asetat Anhidrida dan Katalis Asam Sulfat

Swastika Dwiyanti, Aprilia (2025) Pengaruh Suhu pada Sintesis Asetin dari Gliserol Produk Samping Biodiesel dengan Asetat Anhidrida dan Katalis Asam Sulfat. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Produksi biodiesel yang terus meningkat menghasilkan limbah gliserol dalam jumlah besar yang hingga kini belum dimanfaatkan secara maksimal. Senyawa ketidakmurnian seperti metanol, asam lemak bebas, FAME, dan sisa katalis membuat gliserol mentah tidak dapat digunakan secara langsung. Selain itu, gliserol mentah berpotensi mencemari lingkungan jika tidak diolah lebih lanjut. Di sisi lain, biodiesel memiliki kelemahan pada suhu rendah karena pembentukan kristal wax yang mengganggu sifat fluiditas dan performa bahan bakar. Untuk mengatasi dua permasalahan tersebut, dilakukan sintesis senyawa turunan gliserol berupa asetin melalui reaksi esterifikasi dengan asetat anhidrida sebagai reaktan dan asam sulfat sebagai katalis homogen. Reaksi dilakukan pada tiga variasi suhu, yaitu suhu ruang selama 24 jam serta 90°C dan 120°C masing-masing selama 3 jam. Rendemen yang diperoleh pada suhu ruang, 90°C, dan 120°C masing-masing sebesar 23,56%, 52,41%, dan 68,29%, serta hasil maksimum diperoleh pada suhu 120°C. Hasil reaksi dianalisis menggunakan metode Kromatografi Lapis Tipis (KLT) dan Kromatografi Gas–Spektrometri Massa (KG–SM). Visualisasi KLT menunjukkan bahwa reaksi berlangsung secara bertahap dari pembentukan produk monoasetin, diasetin, dan triasetin. Hasil identifikasi KG–SM terhadap produk sintesis pada suhu 120°C menghasilkan kelimpahan relatif monoasetin sebesar 8,34%, diasetin sebesar 77,72%, dan triasetin sebesar 13,94%. Suhu tinggi berperan penting untuk mendorong konversi gliserol lebih lanjut dan meningkatkan selektivitas produk.
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The increasing production of biodiesel generates large amounts of glycerol as a by-product, which has not been maximally utilized to date. The presence of impurities such as methanol, free fatty acids, FAME, and residual catalysts makes crude glycerol unsuitable for direct use. Moreover, if not properly treated, crude glycerol has the potential to pollute the environment. Meanwhile, biodiesel also has a drawback at low temperatures due to the formation of wax crystals, which negatively affect its flow properties and fuel performance. To address both of these issues, a derivative compound of glycerol called acetin was synthesized through an esterification reaction using acetic anhydride as a reactant and sulfuric acid as a homogeneous catalyst. The reaction was carried out at three different temperatures: room temperature for 24 hours, and 90°C and 120°C for 3 hours each. The yields obtained at room temperature, 90°C, and 120°C were 23.56%, 52.41%, and 68.29%, respectively, with the highest yield at 120 °C. The reaction products were analyzed using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS). The TLC results showed that the reaction occurred gradually, forming monoacetin, diacetin, and triacetin. GC–MS identification at 120°C revealed the relative abundance of monoacetin at 8.34%, diacetin at 77.72%, and triacetin at 13.94%. High reaction temperatures play an important role in enhancing glycerol conversion and increasing product selectivity.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Asetat Anhidrida, Asetin, Bioaditif, Esterifikasi, Gliserol, Acetic Anhydride, Acetin, Bioadditive, Esterification, Glycerol
Subjects:	Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD251.2 Chemistry, Organic. Biochemistry
Divisions:	Faculty of Science and Data Analytics (SCIENTICS) > Chemistry > 47201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Aprilia Swastika Dwiyanti
Date Deposited:	06 Aug 2025 07:08
Last Modified:	06 Aug 2025 07:08
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/127764

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