Dahani, Wiwik (2025) Pembuatan Frother Berbasis Minyak Sawit Mentah dan Karbon Aktif Bambu untuk Pemisahan Monasit dari Tailing Penambangan Timah. Doctoral thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Meningkatnya permintaan terhadap unsur tanah jarang, khususnya monasit, telah mendorong pengembangan teknik pemisahan alternatif yang berkelanjutan dari sumber daya sekunder seperti tailing penambangan timah. Froth flotasi merupakan salah satu metode yang dirancang untuk memisahkan mineral berharga sehingga banyak digunakan dalam industri pertambangan. Metode ini didasarkan pada hidrofobisitas diferensial partikel mineral, dimana perlekatan selektif pada gelembung udara dalam lapisan berbusa memungkinkan pemisahannya dari bubur cair. Komponen utama dari proses ini yaitu frother yang dapat meningkatkan hidrofobisitas mineral target untuk mengoptimalkan pemisahan monasit.
Dalam penelitian ini, dikembangkan frother yang disintesis menggunakan garam asam lemak dari minyak sawit mentah (crude palm oil/CPO) dan karbon aktif dari bambu untuk mengetahui kinerjanya terhadap selektifitas pemisahan Cerium (Ce) dan Neodimium (Nd). Frother komposit dibuat melalui proses penyabunan minyak sawit mentah (CPO) untuk menghasilkan garam asam lemak (GAL) yang kemudian dikombinasikan dengan karbon aktif (KA) dari bambu, menghasilkan frother komposit KA/GAL. Uji flotasi dilakukan untuk mengetahui efektivitas frother komposit KA/GAL di bawah variasi kondisi pH, ukuran partikel, waktu flotasi dan konsentrasi frother.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa frother komposit KA/GAL mampu meningkatkan kadar Ce hingga 31% dan Nd hingga 8% pada pH 9 dengan waktu kontak flotasi selama 15 menit, konsentrasi frother 20 gram dan ukuran partikel tailing 325 mesh. Mekanisme interaksi antara GAL dan KA serta afinitas terhadap permukaan mineral menunjukkan sinergi antara sifat hidrofobik dan hidrofilik yang efektif dalam meningkatkan kestabilan gelembung dan selektivitas pengumpulan partikel monasit. Hasil ini membuktikan bahwa pembuatan frother berbasis bahan alam yang ramah lingkunan berupa komposit KA/GAL dapat meningkatkan kadar Ce dan Nd dari tailing timah.
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The increasing demand for rare earth elements, particularly monazite, has driven the development of sustainable alternative separation techniques from secondary resources such as tin mining tailings. Froth flotation is one of the most widely used methods in the mining industry, designed to selectively separate valuable minerals. This technique relies on the differential hydrophobicity of mineral particles, where selective attachment to air bubbles within the froth layer enables their separation from the slurry. A key component in this process is the frother, which enhances the hydrophobicity of target minerals to optimize monazite recovery.
In this study, a novel frother was developed from fatty acid salts derived from crude palm oil (CPO) and bamboo-based activated carbon to investigate its performance in the selective separation of Cerium (Ce) and Neodymium (Nd). The composite frother was synthesized by saponifying CPO to produce fatty acid salts (FAS), which were then combined with activated carbon (AC) obtained from bamboo, resulting in the composite frother AC/FAS. Flotation tests were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the AC/FAS composite frother under varying conditions of pH, particle size, flotation time, and frother concentration.
The results demonstrated that the AC/FAS composite frother enhanced Ce recovery by up to 31% and Nd by up to 8% at pH 9, with a flotation time of 15 minutes, 20 g frother concentration, and tailing particle size of 325 mesh. The interaction mechanism between FAS and AC, along with their affinity to the mineral surface, revealed a synergistic effect between hydrophobic and hydrophilic characteristics, effectively improving bubble stability and the selectivity of monazite particle collection. These findings confirm that the development of environmentally friendly, bio-based frother composites AC/FAS can enhance the recovery of Ce and Nd from tin tailings.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Doctoral) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | CPO, Garam asam lemak, karbon-aktif, monasit, flotasi, CPO, fatty acid salt, carbon-active, monazite, flotation |
| Subjects: | Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD63 Extraction Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD63.S4 Separation (Technology) |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Science and Data Analytics (SCIENTICS) > Chemistry > 47001-(S3) PhD Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Wiwik Dahani |
| Date Deposited: | 08 Aug 2025 07:06 |
| Last Modified: | 08 Aug 2025 07:12 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/127998 |
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