Pengaruh Panjang Serat Dan Fraksi Volume Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS) Terhadap Sifat Mekanik Komposit Polimer

Qadri, Denny Ichsan Al (2025) Pengaruh Panjang Serat Dan Fraksi Volume Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS) Terhadap Sifat Mekanik Komposit Polimer. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Permintaan terhadap material komposit berbasis serat alam semakin meningkat seiring dengan kebutuhan akan material ramah lingkungan yang tetap memiliki performa mekanik kompetitif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh panjang dan fraksi volume serat tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) terhadap sifat fisis dan mekanik komposit berbasis resin polyester tak jenuh (UPR). Serat TKKS digunakan sebagai penguat alami yang melimpah dan bersifat biodegradable, sedangkan matriks UPR dipilih karena kemudahan proses dan biaya rendah. Spesimen komposit dibuat dengan variasi panjang serat 1 cm, 2 cm, 4 cm, dan 8 cm serta fraksi volume 0%, 1%, 2%, 4%, dan 8%, menggunakan metode open molding. Pengujian meliputi densitas (menggunakan piknometer), tarik (ASTM D638), dan impak Charpy (ASTM D6110). Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa performa optimum dari masing-masing karakterisasi adalah sebagai berikut, dengan densitas aktual tertinggi sebesar 1,114 g/cm³ diperoleh pada panjang serat 2 cm dan fraksi volume 1% kemudian kekuatan tarik maksimum sebesar 14,53 N/mm² dicapai pada panjang serat 8 cm dan fraksi volume 8% sedangkan untuk energi impak tertinggi sebesar 0,39401 J/cm² diperoleh pada panjang serat 8 cm dan fraksi volume 4%. Namun demikian, jika mempertimbangkan keseimbangan antara kekuatan tarik, ketangguhan impak, dan minimisasi void content, maka kombinasi optimum diperoleh pada panjang serat 4 cm dan fraksi volume 4%, dengan kekuatan tarik sebesar 13,55 N/mm², kekuatan impak 0,22989 J/cm², dan void content relatif rendah sebesar 5,018%. Peningkatan fraksi volume di atas 4% cenderung menurunkan performa akibat keterbatasan resin dalam mengimpregnasi serat secara merata, yang menyebabkan terbentuknya void dan aglomerasi serat. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa distribusi serat yang homogen dan ikatan antar muka yang baik merupakan faktor penentu dalam pencapaian sifat mekanik optimum. Komposit TKKS-polyester pada konfigurasi optimum memiliki potensi aplikasi sebagai material struktural ringan, seperti panel kendaraan, pelindung luar, atau komponen furnitur.
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The demand for natural fiber-based composite materials has been growing in response to the need for environmentally friendly materials that still offer competitive mechanical performance. This study aims to evaluate the effect of fiber length and volume fraction of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) fibers on the physical and mechanical properties of composites based on unsaturated polyester resin (UPR). OPEFB fibers were used as abundant and biodegradable natural reinforcements, while UPR was selected as the matrix due to its ease of processing and low cost. Composite specimens were fabricated with fiber lengths of 1 cm, 2 cm, 4 cm, and 8 cm, and fiber volume fractions of 0%, 1%, 2%, 4%, and 8%, using the open molding method. The tests included density (using a pycnometer), tensile strength (ASTM D638), and Charpy impact (ASTM D6110). The results indicated that the optimum performance of each characterization was as follows: the highest actual density of 1.114 g/cm³ was obtained at a fiber length of 2 cm and a volume fraction of 1%; the maximum tensile strength of 14.53 N/mm² was achieved at a fiber length of 8 cm and a volume fraction of 8%; and the highest impact energy of 0.39401 J/cm² was recorded at a fiber length of 8 cm and a volume fraction of 4%. However, when considering the balance between tensile strength, impact toughness, and void content minimization, the optimum configuration was found at a fiber length of 4 cm and a volume fraction of 4%, with a tensile strength of 13.55 N/mm², an impact energy of 0.22989 J/cm², and a relatively low void content of 5.018%. Increasing the fiber volume beyond 4% tended to reduce performance due to the resin’s limited ability to impregnate the fibers uniformly, resulting in void formation and fiber agglomeration. The findings of this study demonstrate that homogeneous fiber distribution and strong interfacial bonding are critical factors in achieving optimal mechanical properties. The OPEFB-polyester composite with the optimum configuration shows strong potential for application as a lightweight structural material, such as in vehicle panels, exterior coverings, or furniture components.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	komposit serat alam, fraksi volume, panjang serat, uji tarik, uji impak, natural fiber composites, volume fraction, fiber length, tensile test, impact test
Subjects:	T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) > TA418.9 Composite materials. Laminated materials.
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology > Physics Engineering > 30201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Denny Ichsan Al Qadri
Date Deposited:	15 Aug 2025 08:24
Last Modified:	15 Aug 2025 08:24
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/128120

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