Aryanti, Shofi Luthfiyah (2026) Analisis Perbandingan Valuasi Dana Pensiun Menggunakan Metode Entry Age Normal dengan Model Mortalitas Lee-carter dan Cairns-Blake-Dowd. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Peningkatan angka harapan hidup dan perubahan struktur demografi di Indonesia membawa tantangan baru bagi keberlanjutan program dana pensiun, khususnya terkait risiko umur panjang (longevity risk) yang menyebabkan periode pembayaran manfaat pensiun menjadi lebih panjang. Perhitungan kewajiban aktuaria umumnya masih mengacu pada tabel mortalitas statis seperti Tabel Mortalitas Indonesia (TMI IV), yang belum sepenuhnya menangkap dinamika penurunan mortalitas dari waktu ke waktu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan hasil valuasi kewajiban dan iuran normal dana pensiun menggunakan metode Entry Age Normal (EAN) berdasarkan tiga pendekatan mortalitas, yaitu TMI IV, model Lee–Carter, dan model Cairns–Blake–Dowd (CBD). Data tingkat kematian penduduk Indonesia periode 1950–2023 digunakan untuk membangun model Lee–Carter dan CBD, dengan proyeksi mortalitas selama 35 tahun ke depan (2024–2058). Estimasi parameter dilakukan menggunakan Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) dengan iterasi Newton–Raphson, lalu diproyeksikan dengan Random Walk with Drift. Hasil proyeksi mortalitas kemudian diintegrasikan ke dalam perhitungan iuran normal dan kewajiban aktuaria bagi sejumlah profil peserta yang disusun berdasarkan asumsi secara terstruktur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model Lee–Carter memiliki kinerja terbaik berdasarkan nilai RMSE, AIC, dan BIC untuk kedua jenis kelamin. Perbandingan pola peluang kematian memperlihatkan bahwa TMI IV memproyeksikan mortalitas paling rendah, Lee–Carter berada pada tingkat menengah, dan CBD memberikan mortalitas tertinggi pada usia dewasa hingga lanjut usia. Variasi pola mortalitas tersebut berdampak langsung pada nilai valuasi. TMI IV menghasilkan PVFB, iuran normal, dan kewajiban aktuaria tertinggi. Lee–Carter menghasilkan nilai pada tingkat menengah, sedangkan CBD memberikan nilai terendah. Selain itu, peserta perempuan secara konsisten memiliki nilai kewajiban dan iuran yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan laki-laki karena harapan hidup yang lebih panjang. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa pemilihan model mortalitas memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap besarnya biaya pendanaan program pensiun. Oleh karena itu, penggunaan model proyeksi mortalitas yang lebih adaptif penting untuk meningkatkan akurasi estimasi kewajiban dan mendukung keberlanjutan pendanaan jangka panjang.
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The increase in life expectancy and changes in Indonesia’s demographic structure pose new challenges to the sustainability of pension programs, particularly in relation to longevity risk, which leads to longer benefit payment periods. Actuarial liability calculations generally continue to rely on static mortality tables, such as the Indonesian Mortality Table (TMI IV), which do not fully capture the dynamic decline in mortality over time. This study aims to compare the valuation results of pension liabilities and normal costs using the Entry Age Normal (EAN) method based on three mortality approaches: TMI IV, the Lee–Carter model, and the Cairns–Blake–Dowd (CBD) model. Indonesian population mortality data from 1950 to 2023 are used to construct the Lee–Carter and CBD models, with mortality projections over a 35-year horizon (2024–2058). Parameter estimation is conducted using Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) with Newton–Raphson iteration, followed by projection using a Random Walk with Drift. The projected mortality rates are then integrated into the calculation of normal costs and actuarial liabilities for several participant profiles constructed under structured assumptions. The results indicate that the Lee–Carter model demonstrates the best performance based on RMSE, AIC, and BIC values for both sexes. A comparison of mortality patterns shows that TMI IV produces the lowest mortality projections, Lee–Carter yields intermediate levels, and the CBD model generates the highest mortality rates at adult and older ages. These variations in mortality patterns have a direct impact on valuation outcomes. TMI IV results in the highest present value of future benefits (PVFB), normal costs, and actuarial liabilities. The Lee–Carter model produces intermediate values, while the CBD model yields the lowest values. In addition, female participants consistently exhibit higher liabilities and normal costs than male participants due to their longer life expectancy. These findings confirm that the choice of mortality model has a significant influence on the funding costs of pension programs. Therefore, the use of more adaptive mortality projection models is essential to improve the accuracy of liability estimation and support long-term funding sustainability.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Other) |
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| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Proyeksi mortalitas, Lee–Carter, Cairns–Blake–Dowd, TMI IV, Entry Age Normal, kewajiban aktuaria, iuran normal, dana pensiun, risiko umur panjang, Mortality projection, actuarial liability, normal cost, pension fund, longevity risk |
| Subjects: | Q Science > QA Mathematics > QA274.2 Stochastic analysis Q Science > QA Mathematics > QA276 Mathematical statistics. Time-series analysis. Failure time data analysis. Survival analysis (Biometry) |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Science and Data Analytics (SCIENTICS) > Actuaria > 94203-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Shofi Luthfiyah Aryanti |
| Date Deposited: | 12 Jan 2026 05:30 |
| Last Modified: | 12 Jan 2026 05:30 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/129486 |
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