Analisis Peningkatan Efisiensi Energi pada Sistem Distribusi IPA Sunggal Perumda Tirtanadi Sumatera Utara

Rizkia, Almira Mili (2026) Analisis Peningkatan Efisiensi Energi pada Sistem Distribusi IPA Sunggal Perumda Tirtanadi Sumatera Utara. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Efisiensi energi merupakan salah satu faktor penentu keberlanjutan dan keandalan layanan air minum, mengingat komponen biaya listrik menempati porsi terbesar dalam operasional sistem distribusi PDAM. IPA Sunggal Perumda Tirtanadi menghadapi tantangan tingginya biaya energi yang mencapai Rp448/m³, melebihi rata-rata nasional. Kondisi ini berkaitan dengan kinerja pompa distribusi yang menurun akibat usia peralatan yang telah melampaui masa layanan, serta belum meratanya penggunaan Variable Speed Drive (VSD). Penelitian ini bertujuan melakukan evaluasi menyeluruh terhadap kinerja pompa distribusi eksisting Q1, Q2, dan Q3 serta merencanakan alternatif upaya peningkatan efisiensi energi yang dapat dilakukan. Metode penelitian meliputi audit energi pompa melalui perhitungan daya input, daya hidrolis, efisiensi pompa, dan Specific Energy Consumption (SEC), serta pemodelan hidraulik dengan menggunakan Epanet 2.2. Analisis finansial dilakukan menggunakan indikator Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR), Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), dan Payback Period (PP) guna memastikan bahwa alternatif teknis yang diusulkan tidak haya efisien secara energi, tetapi juga layak dan berkelanjutan dari sisi investasi. Selain itu, analisis kelembagaan dengan metode SWOT dilakukan untuk menilai kesiapan organisasi, kapasitas pengelolaan, serta faktor internal dan eksternal yang mempengaruhi implementasi program efisiensi energi, sehingga rekomendasi yang dihasilkan dapat diimplementasikan secara realistis dan berkelanjutan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketiga alternatif mampu meningkatkan efisiensi energi dan menurunkan biaya operasional di IPA Sunggal Perumda Tirtanadi, dengan penghematan tahunan berkisar antara Rp. 675.166.050,- hingga Rp. 2.677.369.900,-. Seluruh alternatif dinyatakan layak secara finansial, ditunjukkan oleh nilai BCR > 1, NPV positif, IRR melampaui tingkat diskonto, serta periode pengembalian investasi yang wajar. Jika ditinjau dari aspek teknis dan finansial, Alternatif 2 merupakan pilihan alternatif paling baik dengan periode pengembalian yang paling cepat. Dari sisi kelembagaan, analisis SWOT menempatkan IPA Sunggal Perumda Tirtanadi pada Kuadran IV, sehingga strategi Strength–Threat (S–T) direkomendasikan sebagai dasar perumusan kebijakan peningkatan efisiensi energi.
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Energy efficiency is a key determinant of the sustainability and reliability of drinking water services, as electricity costs constitute the largest portion of operational expenses in water utility distribution systems. The Sunggal Water Treatment Plant (IPA Sunggal) of Perumda Tirtanadi faces the challenge of high energy costs reaching IDR 448/m³, exceeding the national average. This condition is associated with declining performance of distribution pumps due to equipment age exceeding their optimal service life, as well as the limited application of Variable Speed Drives (VSD). This study aims to comprehensively evaluate the performance of the existing distribution pumps Q1, Q2, and Q3 and to develop alternative strategies for improving energy efficiency. The research methods include a pump energy audit through the calculation of input power, hydraulic power, pump efficiency, and Specific Energy Consumption (SEC), as well as hydraulic modeling using EPANET 2.2. Financial analysis is conducted using the Benefit–Cost Ratio (BCR), Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), and Payback Period (PP) to ensure that the proposed technical alternatives are not only energy-efficient but also economically feasible and investment-sustainable. In addition, an institutional analysis using the SWOT method is applied to assess organizational readiness, management capacity, and internal and external factors influencing the implementation of energy efficiency programs, thereby ensuring that the proposed recommendations are realistic and sustainable. The results indicate that all three alternatives are able to improve energy efficiency and reduce operational costs at IPA Sunggal Perumda Tirtanadi, with annual savings ranging from IDR 675,166,050 to IDR 2,677,369,900. All alternatives are financially feasible, as indicated by BCR values greater than 1, positive NPV, IRR exceeding the discount rate, and reasonable payback periods. Based on technical and financial considerations, Alternative 2 represents the best option with the fastest payback period. From an institutional perspective, the SWOT analysis places IPA Sunggal Perumda Tirtanadi in Quadrant IV, suggesting that a Strength–Threat (S–T) strategy is recommended as the basis for formulating energy efficiency improvement policies.

Item Type:	Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Efisiensi energi, pompa distribusi, finansial, Variable Speed Drive, elevated reservoir, Energy efficiency, distribution pump, financial, Variable Speed Drive, elevated reservoir
Subjects:	T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD481 Water distribution systems
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Environmental Engineering > 25101-(S2) Master Thesis
Depositing User:	Almira Mili Rizkia
Date Deposited:	20 Jan 2026 03:01
Last Modified:	20 Jan 2026 03:01
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/129781

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