Kajian Pengelolaan Sampah Terintegrasi di Distrik Biak Kota dan Distrik Samofa, Kabupaten Biak Numfor

Putra, Nando Ade Amarylly (2026) Kajian Pengelolaan Sampah Terintegrasi di Distrik Biak Kota dan Distrik Samofa, Kabupaten Biak Numfor. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Pengelolaan sampah di Distrik Biak Kota dan Distrik Samofa, Kabupaten Biak Numfor menghadapi tantangan akibat ketiadaan fasilitas pengolahan formal dan ketergantungan pada sistem konvensional "kumpul-angkut-buang". Kondisi ini berdampak pada rendahnya capaian pengurangan sampah daerah yang baru mencapai 17,31%, angka yang masih jauh di bawah target nasional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang sistem pengelolaan sampah terintegrasi melalui analisis komprehensif pada aspek teknis, partisipasi masyarakat, dan kelembagaan guna mencapai target pengurangan sampah yang berkelanjutan. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif multi-pilar untuk memetakan kondisi hulu hingga hilir. Data primer diperoleh melalui pengambilan sampel timbulan dan komposisi sampah sesuai SNI 3964:2025, Time and Motion Study untuk mengukur efisiensi kinerja operasional pengumpulan dan pengangkutan, survei kuesioner kepada 77 responden untuk analisis partisipasi masyarakat, serta survei kepada 10 responden ahli (7 pemangku kepentingan dan 3 tokoh adat) untuk analisis SWOT kelembagaan. Analisis Aliran Material (Material Flow Analysis/MFA) digunakan untuk menyimulasikan skenario pengelolaan sampah (Baseline, 2029, dan 2045). Hasil analisis pada aspek partisipasi masyarakat mengungkap adanya kesenjangan antara sosialisasi dan praktik, di mana 58,4% responden jarang atau tidak pernah memilah sampah. Hal ini disebabkan oleh hambatan struktural berupa ketidakpercayaan terhadap sistem pengangkutan (36,2%) dan ketiadaan sarana terpilah (22,4%). Pada aspek kelembagaan, posisi pengelolaan sampah berada pada Kuadran I (Agresif) yang mengindikasikan adanya kekuatan legitimasi regulasi ganda (formal dan adat) yang potensial, namun menghadapi kelemahan internal berupa keterbatasan anggaran (W1) dan ancaman krisis kepercayaan publik (T1). Secara operasional, ditemukan inefisiensi ritasi armada dan ketimpangan beban lintas batas yang menyebabkan overload pada beberapa TPS.Simulasi MFA Skenario I (Baseline) menunjukkan kondisi sistem yang belum optimal dengan total timbulan sampah gabungan sebesar 14.632,57 ton/tahun, di mana 76,05% sampah berakhir langsung di TPA tanpa dilakukan pengolahan. Skenario II (Target 2029) dengan intervensi 6 unit TPS 3R diproyeksikan meningkatkan sampah terolah menjadi 47,44%. Selanjutnya, Skenario III (Target 2045) yang mengintegrasikan TPS 3R dan TPST berbasis teknologi RDF mampu mencapai 90,30% sampah terolah dan mereduksi residu ke TPA hingga 9,70% sehingga memenuhi target RPJPN yaitu sampah terolah 90% dan residu ke TPA sebesar 10%. Berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh dari berbagai aspek, realisasi target skenario ini mensyaratkan integrasi yang mencakup reformasi sistem pengangkutan menjadi terpilah terjadwal, peningkatan partisipasi masyakat dalam pemilahan di sumber, serta penguatan kapasitas fiskal daerah.
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Waste management in the Biak Kota and Samofa Districts, Biak Numfor Regency faced significant challenges due to the absence of formal treatment facilities and a reliance on the conventional "collect-transport-dispose" system. This condition resulted in a low regional waste reduction achievement of only 17.31%, a figure significantly below the national target. This study aimed to design an integrated waste management system through a comprehensive analysis of technical aspects, community participation, and institutional frameworks to achieve sustainable waste reduction targets. The research employed a multi-pillar quantitative approach to map conditions from upstream to downstream. Primary data were obtained through waste generation and composition sampling in accordance with SNI 3964:2025, a Time and Motion Study to measure the efficiency of collection and transport operational performance, questionnaire surveys of 77 respondents for community participation analysis, and surveys of 10 expert respondents (7 stakeholders and 3 customary figures) for institutional SWOT analysis. Material Flow Analysis (MFA) was utilized to simulate waste management scenarios (Baseline, 2029, and 2045). The analysis of community participation revealed a gap between socialization and practice, where 58.4% of respondents rarely or never sorted waste. This was attributed to structural barriers, specifically distrust in the transport system (36.2%) and the absence of segregated facilities (22.4%). In the institutional aspect, the waste management position was situated in Quadrant I (Aggressive), indicating the potential strength of dual regulatory legitimacy (formal and customary), yet facing internal weaknesses such as budget constraints (W1) and threats of a public trust crisis (T1). Operationally, inefficiencies in fleet trips and cross-border load disparities were identified, causing overload at several Temporary Storage Sites (TPS). The MFA simulation for Scenario I (Baseline) indicated suboptimal system conditions with a total combined waste generation of 14,632.57 tons/year, where 76.05% of waste ended up directly in the landfill (TPA) without treatment. Scenario II (2029 Target), with the intervention of 6 Material Recovery Facility (TPS 3R) units, was projected to increase treated waste to 47.44%. Furthermore, Scenario III (2045 Target), which integrated TPS 3R and RDF-technology-based Integrated Waste Processing Sites (TPST), was able to achieve 90.30% treated waste and reduce residue to the landfill to 9.70%, thereby meeting the RPJPN target of 90% treated waste and 10% landfill residue. Based on the results obtained across various aspects, the realization of these scenario targets required integration encompassing transport system reform into a scheduled segregated system, increased community participation in source separation, and the strengthening of regional fiscal capacity.

Item Type:	Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Biak Numfor, Material Flow Analysis (MFA), Partisipasi Masyarakat, Pengelolaan Sampah Terintegrasi, Strategi Kelembagaan, Biak Numfor, Community Participation, Institutional Strategy, Intregated Solid Waste Management, Material Flow Analysis
Subjects:	H Social Sciences > H Social Sciences (General) T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD789 Refuse and refuse disposal T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD794.5 Recycling (Waste, etc.) T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD898.8.C67 Waste disposal
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Environmental Engineering > 25101-(S2) Master Thesis
Depositing User:	Nando Ade Amarylly Putra
Date Deposited:	22 Jan 2026 10:31
Last Modified:	22 Jan 2026 10:31
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/129809

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