Model Optimasi Pengembangan Terminal Peti Kemas Dengan Keterbatasan Lahan dan Dermaga

Santoso, Prabowo Budhy (2025) Model Optimasi Pengembangan Terminal Peti Kemas Dengan Keterbatasan Lahan dan Dermaga. Doctoral thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Biaya logistik nasional Indonesia masih relatif tinggi, di mana terminal peti kemas domestik berkontribusi signifikan terhadap inefisiensi rantai pasok. Kondisi ini mencerminkan permasalahan sistemik dalam pengelolaan operasional dan strategi peningkatan kapasitas terminal yang selama ini didominasi oleh pendekatan konvensional berbasis ekspansi fisik, seperti penambahan panjang dermaga dan pengadaan peralatan baru. Pendekatan tersebut menjadi kurang optimal, khususnya pada pelabuhan sungai yang memiliki keterbatasan lahan dan kedalaman alur pelayaran. Penelitian ini mengkaji Terminal Petikemas XYZ di Kalimantan, sebuah pelabuhan sungai dengan kedalaman alur maksimal sekitar 6 meter, di mana ekspansi infrastruktur fisik tidak lagi menjadi pilihan yang layak maupun berkelanjutan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengoptimalkan kapasitas terminal tanpa perluasan infrastruktur melalui penerapan prinsip Lean Thinking dan manajemen kapasitas dinamis. Metode penelitian menggunakan analisis kuantitatif berbasis studi kasus dengan pemanfaatan data historis operasional periode 2012–2024, yang selanjutnya divalidasi menggunakan model simulasi sistem dinamis (System Dynamics) untuk memproyeksikan kapasitas terminal hingga tahun 2030. Pendekatan ini menekankan efisiensi aliran proses, eliminasi aktivitas non-value added, integrasi sistem digital, serta peningkatan produktivitas peralatan dan operator. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan peningkatan kinerja operasional yang signifikan. Produktivitas quay container crane (BCH) meningkat dari sekitar 20 menjadi 44 boks per jam, Berth Occupancy Ratio (BOR) menurun dari 65% menjadi 57%, dan Yard Occupancy Ratio (YOR) berkurang drastis dari kondisi di atas 100% menjadi di bawah 40%. Melalui optimalisasi proses operasional dan integrasi sistem digital, seperti Bridging System, Container Yard Management System (CYMS), dan Auto-Gate, throughput tahunan terminal meningkat dari sekitar 220.000 TEUs menjadi 450.000 TEUs tanpa penambahan peralatan maupun perluasan dermaga. Temuan ini membuktikan bahwa integrasi operasi berbasis Lean, digitalisasi sistem, dan pengelolaan kapasitas dinamis mampu meningkatkan efisiensi, keberlanjutan, dan daya saing terminal peti kemas secara sistemik. Model yang dikembangkan juga menyediakan kerangka konseptual dan operasional yang dapat direplikasi pada pelabuhan domestik lain dengan karakteristik serupa, sebagai alternatif strategis terhadap pendekatan peningkatan kapasitas berbasis investasi infrastruktur besar.
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Indonesia’s national logistics costs remain high, particularly in the domestic container terminal sector, which contributes significantly to inefficiencies in the national supply chain. This condition reflects systemic shortcomings in operational management and capacity enhancement strategies that have traditionally relied on conventional physical expansion, such as extending quay length and procuring additional cranes. Such approaches are increasingly ineffective for river-based ports facing land constraints and navigational limitations. This study examines XYZ Container Terminal in Kalimantan, a river port characterized by limited yard space and a shallow navigation channel with a maximum depth of approximately 6 meters, where further physical expansion is neither feasible nor sustainable. The objective of this research is to optimize terminal capacity without infrastructure expansion through the implementation of Lean Thinking and dynamic capacity management. A quantitative case study approach is employed, utilizing historical operational data from 2012 to 2024. The analysis is validated using a System Dynamics– based simulation model to project terminal capacity development up to 2030. The proposed approach emphasizes process flow efficiency, elimination of non-value-added activities, digital system integration, and productivity enhancement of both equipment and operators. The results demonstrate substantial improvements in operational performance. Quay crane productivity (BCH) increased from approximately 20 to 44 boxes per hour, while the Berth Occupancy Ratio (BOR) declined from 65% to 57%. In addition, the Yard Occupancy Ratio (YOR) was reduced significantly from levels exceeding 100% to below 40%. Supported by integrated digital systems including the Bridging System, Container Yard Management System (CYMS), and Auto-Gate annual terminal throughput increased from approximately 220,000–230,000 TEUs to 450,000 TEUs without adding new equipment or expanding berth length. These findings confirm that the integration of Lean-based operations, digital transformation, and dynamic capacity management can substantially enhance efficiency, sustainability, and competitiveness in container terminals under physical constraints. The developed model provides a replicable operational framework for other domestic ports in Indonesia with similar characteristics, offering a viable alternative to capital intensive infrastructure expansion strategies.

Item Type:	Thesis (Doctoral)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	optimalisasi kapasitas, terminal peti kemas, Lean Thinking, simulasi, dinamis, efisiensi operasional, pelabuhan sungai, capacity optimization, container terminal, dynamic simulation, operational efficiency, river port.
Subjects:	T Technology > T Technology (General) > T58.8 Productivity. Efficiency
Divisions:	Interdisciplinary School of Management and Technology (SIMT) > 66105-Doctor of Technology Management (DMT)
Depositing User:	Prabowo Budhy Santoso
Date Deposited:	21 Jan 2026 04:07
Last Modified:	21 Jan 2026 04:07
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/129902

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