Sintesis dan Karakterisasi Edible Film Berbasis Biokomposit Selulosa Bakteri Komagataeibacter xylinus dan Kitosan sebagai Bioplastik Terbarukan

Kinasih, Dinda Pusparani Mustika (2026) Sintesis dan Karakterisasi Edible Film Berbasis Biokomposit Selulosa Bakteri Komagataeibacter xylinus dan Kitosan sebagai Bioplastik Terbarukan. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Edible film merupakan salah satu alternatif kemasan ramah lingkungan yang berpotensi menggantikan plastik sintetis karena sifatnya yang biodegradable. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mensintesis dan mengkarakterisasi edible film berbasis bioselulosa (BS) sebagai matriks utama dan kitosan (KS) sebagai filler dengan asam laktat sebagai plasticizer. Notasi sampel BS–KS x% (T°C) dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan edible film berbasis bioselulosa dengan penambahan kitosan sebesar x% yang diproses pada temperatur pemanasan T°C. Edible film disintesis melalui metode casting (wet method) menggunakan bioselulosa hasil fermentasi air kelapa oleh Komagataeibacter xylinus. Bioselulosa memiliki kemurnian tinggi dan kekuatan mekanik yang baik, namun rapuh. Oleh karena itu, ditambahkan kitosan untuk meningkatkan kekuatan mekanik, dan asam laktat untuk meningkatkan fleksibilitas film. Bioselulosa yang telah dihaluskan akan dicampurkan dengan asam laktat, aquades, serta kitosan dengan variasi konsentrasi 5%, 10%, 15%, dan 20%, kemudian dipanaskan pada temperatur 50°C, 60°C, 70°C, dan 80°C. Karakterisasi edible film meliputi uji kekuatan tarik dan elongasi, analisis gugus fungsi menggunakan FTIR, uji water uptake, uji biodegradabilitas, serta analisis morfologi menggunakan SEM. Hasil pengamatan visual menunjukkan bahwa film bioselulosa bersifat tipis, lentur, dan mudah robek, sedangkan film kitosan cenderung tebal dan kaku. Kombinasi bioselulosa dan kitosan menghasilkan film dengan homogenitas, kerapatan, dan kestabilan struktur yang meningkat seiring bertambahnya konsentrasi kitosan dan temperatur pemanasan. Nilai water uptake terendah diperoleh pada sampel BS–KS 20% (80°C). Analisis FTIR menunjukkan adanya interaksi ikatan hidrogen antara gugus –OH bioselulosa dan –NH₂ kitosan. Pengujian mekanik menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan konsentrasi kitosan dan temperatur pemanasan meningkatkan tensile strength namun menurunkan elongasi, dengan nilai tensile strength tertinggi pada sampel BS–KS 20% (80°C). Uji biodegradabilitas menunjukkan bahwa struktur film yang lebih rapat memperlambat laju degradasi. Hasil SEM memperlihatkan bahwa kitosan mampu mengisi pori-pori bioselulosa sehingga menghasilkan film yang lebih padat dan homogen. Edible film yang dihasilkan juga menunjukkan potensi untuk diaplikasikan sebagai lapisan pada Controlled Release Fertilizer.
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Edible film is an alternative environmentally friendly packaging that has the potential to replace synthetic plastic due to its biodegradable properties. This study aims to synthesize and characterize edible films based on biocellulose (BS) as the main matrix and chitosan (KS) as a filler with lactic acid as a plasticizer. The sample notation BS–KS x% (T°C) in this study indicates a biocellulose-based edible film with the addition of x% chitosan processed at a heating temperature of T°C. Edible films were synthesized through the casting method (wet method) using biocellulose from coconut water fermentation by Komagataeibacter xylinus. Biocellulose has high purity and good mechanical strength, but is brittle. Therefore, chitosan was added to increase mechanical strength, and lactic acid to increase film flexibility. The refined biocellulose was mixed with lactic acid, distilled water, and chitosan with varying concentrations of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%, then heated at temperatures of 50°C, 60°C, 70°C, and 80°C. Characterization of the edible film included tensile strength and elongasi tests, functional group analysis using FTIR, water uptake test, biodegradability test, and morphological analysis using SEM. Visual observation results showed that the biocellulose film was thin, flexible, and easily torn, while the chitosan film tended to be thick and stiff. The combination of biocellulose and chitosan produced a film with homogeneity, density, and structural stability that increased with increasing chitosan concentration and heating temperature. The lowest water uptake value was obtained in the 20% BS–KS sample (80°C). FTIR analysis showed the presence of hydrogen bonding interactions between the –OH groups of biocellulose and –NH₂ of chitosan. Mechanical testing showed that increasing chitosan concentration and heating temperature increased tensile strength but decreased elongasi, with the highest tensile strength value in the 20% BS–KS sample (80°C). Biodegradability testing showed that a denser film structure slowed the degradation rate. SEM results showed that chitosan was able to fill the pores of biocellulose, resulting in a denser and more homogeneous film. The resulting edible film also showed potential for application as a coating in Controlled Release Fertilizer.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Edible Film, Kitosan, Komagataeibacter xylinus, Selulosa Bakteri, Bacterial Cellulose, Chitosan, Edible film, Komagataeibacter xylinus
Subjects:	T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP1140 Polymers
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Material & Metallurgical Engineering > 28201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Dinda Pusparani Mustika Kinasih
Date Deposited:	22 Jan 2026 03:33
Last Modified:	22 Jan 2026 03:33
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/130066

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